7 10 143 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/ad1fdf6e1d01046721d41f4632d74c18.jpg 72d596ec2c8b89e3f294d419a816b725 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juan B. Negron Description An account of the resource Juan B. Negron, 65th Infantry Regiment - "The Boriqueneers" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Military Veterans Memorial https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/8779d534cf642f0b0dd2ba924300f66d.mp3 52879ac8f928a58ddc3fea01eb30e2f4 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/0e9142924b7765a99865593f8c4ddd24.mp3 992f480dd3043c06f245a3c2c319360c https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/85d33155879412dbdb91cb252cf431d1.pdf ddbc3cc09468e75cc01f7d59428a6425 PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Juan Texidor Interview Location: In his home on Pennsylvania Avenue, Buffalo, NY Interview Date: July 31, 2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 0:29:40, 0:12:34 Executive Summary: This interview was conducted on July 31, 2012 with Juan Texidor at his home on Pennsylvania Street in Buffalo, NY by Stephanie Bucalo. The interview took place on his front porch. There are ambient noises from passing cars and people in the neighborhood talking and playing. The entire interview is in Spanish. Juan Texidor was born in Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico and migrated to Western New York in 1951. Juan completed part of his formal education in Puerto Rico but completed his High School degree at Buffalo Evening School at Bennett High School as a full-working adult. Juan was employed by the Ford Motor Company and very active in the Hispanic community. He eventually became a very well-known voice on the airwaves with his weekly Spanish language radio program. Juan was one of the founding fathers of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street and was a member of the board for various Hispanic organizations until the language at the meetings became English heavy. Juan offers his opinions about the Hispanic community in Buffalo, especially in terms of education and the social changes taking place. He also shares his thoughts on how Puerto Rico has changed since his childhood and where he thinks the island is heading economically, politically and socially. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista fue conducida el 31 de Julio 2012 con Juan Texidor en su casa en la Calle Pennsylvania en Buffalo, NY por Stephanie Bucalo. La entrevista tomó lugar en el porche adelante. Hubo una abundancia de ruidos ambientes de los coches pasando por la casa y los vecinos que estaban hablando y jugando. La entrevista entera es en español. Juan Texidor nació en la Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico y migró al Oeste de Nueva York en 1951. Juan cumplió una parte de su educación formal en Puerto Rico pero la cumplió por completo a Buffalo Evening School a Bennett High School como un adulto trabajando fulltime. Juan fue empleado por Ford Motor Company y fue muy activo en la comunidad �hispana. Él eventualmente se volvió una voz bien conocida por las alas de radio con su programa de radio en español semanal. Juan fue uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la Calle Swan y fue un miembro de juntas varias de unas organizaciones hispanas en la comunidad hasta el momento en que las conversaciones se convirtieron fuertemente en inglés. Juan ofrece sus opiniones sobre la comunidad hispana en Búfalo, especialmente en términos de la educación y los cambios sociales que están tomando lugar en ese momento. También comparte sus pensamientos sobre cómo ha cambiado Puerto Rico desde su niñez y a dónde cree que la isla va económicamente, políticamente y socialmente. Story Clips: 1:01 - Juan comes directly to Buffalo from Arroyo, Puerto Rico Juan Texidor introduces himself. Juan arrived in Buffalo in 1951 from the small town of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan came looking for work. After 4 weeks, he was able to find a job at Ford Motor Company. He worked there for 34 years. Juan Texidor se presenta. Juan llegó a Búfalo en 1951 del pequeño pueblo, Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan vino aquí en búsqueda de trabajo. Después de 4 semanas, consiguió un puesto con Ford Motor Company. Él trabajó ahí por 34 años. 1:03 - Juan bought a house on Pennsylvania Street Juan moved to the west side of Buffalo. He originally lived on West Chippewa St., but then bought a house on Pennsylvania St. in 1975. He and his wife (now deceased) lived there for 37 years. Juan se mudó al west side de Búfalo. Originalmente vivía en la calle West Chippewa, pero compró una casa en la calle Pennsylvania en el año 1975. Él y su esposa (ahora fallecida) vivían ahí por 37 años. 2:12 - Juan finished high school at Buffalo Evening School Juan started Buffalo evening high school to finish his high school degree. He had 2 years of high school education before arriving in Buffalo. He wanted to continue studying but was working full-time. �Juan asistió al Buffalo Evening High School para terminar su educación secundaria. Le faltaron dos años de la educación secundaria antes de llegar a Búfalo. Él quiso seguir estudiando pero ya encontró trabajo 2:13 - He married his wife in New York City Juan married his wife in 1957 in New York City. He met his wife in Buffalo but she was from NYC. They were together for 47 years. She passed away in 2006. Juan se casó con su esposa en el año 1957 en Nueva York. Conoció a su esposa en Búfalo, pero ella era de Nueva York. Compartieron 47 años de sus vidas juntos. Ella falleció en el año 2006. 2:42 – He participated in many community organizations Juan was involved in many community organizations. He first belonged to the la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua (Puerto Rican Society of Mutual Help) for about 4 years. He was also involved in the Junta Consejera de Comunidad (can’t understand) Bilingüe and a board member of Hispanics United of Buffalo. Juan se involucraba en muchas organizaciones de la comunidad. Primero, perteneció a la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua por más o menos 4 años. Fue involucrado con la Junta Consejera de Comunidad (falta una parte) Bilingüe y fue miembro de los directores de los Hispanos Unidos de Búfalo. 3:47 – He was one of the founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center Juan was one of the original founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street. He also helped start the Grease Pole Festival in Buffalo. He was a commentator for 4 years. Juan era uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la calle Swan. También ayudó a iniciar El Palo Ensebao en Búfalo. Él era comentarista por 4 años. 6:13 – Juan starts a Spanish language radio show Jimmy Ruiz began the Spanish language in Western New York. When they moved the radio show to the Pucho Olivencia Center, Juan took over the program. Luis Marchany and Ricardo Acosta helped him with the program. �(WJJL - Started on WHLD in Niagara Falls, but then moved to WJJL). They would broadcast the program every single Sunday all year around. Jimmy Ruiz empezó la estación en español en Western New York. Cuando cambiaron el lugar de la transmisión del programa al Centro Pucho Olivencia, Juan asumió la responsabilidad del programa. Luis Marchany y Ricardo Acosta lo ayudaron con el programa. (WJJL - empezó en el canal WHLD en Niagara Falls, pero se mudó a WJJL). Transmitían el programa cada domingo por todo el año. 6:14 - Jimmy Ruiz starts a radio show in Niagara Falls Jimmy Ruíz started a Spanish language radio station broadcasting from Niagara Falls. Juan filled in for Jimmy when Jimmy went back to Puerto Rico to go to school. Juan travelled to Niagara Falls for 29 years as the broadcaster of the only Spanish language radio station in the region. The program only broadcasted on Sundays. The radio started on WHLD but ended up on WJJL. Jimmy Ruiz empezó una estación en español transmitiendo de Niagara Falls. Juan asumió su posición cuando Jimmy volvió a Puerto Rico para asistir a la escuela. Juan viajó a Niagara Falls por 29 años como locutor de la única estación de radio en español. El programa solamente se transmitía los domingos. La estación de radio empezó en el canal WHLD pero cambió al de WJJL. 8:05 – He looked for announcements and news for the Hispanic Community Juan was responsible for finding news from the Hispanic community and transmitting it on the airwaves. He retired'--along with the show'--in the 90's. Juan era encargado a buscar las noticias de la comunidad hispana y transmitirlas en las olas de radio. Se retiró--también del programa--en los 90. 8:38 – They relocated the radio station to downtown Buffalo Eventually, there was a Spanish language radio station in downtown Buffalo. Juan continued as a broadcaster in Buffalo but it didn't last long because it became too much work for one person. Now there is only one Spanish language radio show (1 hour long) on WJJL. �Eventualmente, se puso el programa de radio en español en el centro de Búfalo. Juan continuó como locutor en Búfalo pero no duró mucho porque fue demasiado trabajo para una persona. Ahora, hay solamente un programa de radio en español (dura 1 hora) en WJJL. 10:12 – He no longer belongs to any organizations Juan no longer participates in any community organizations. He continues to support local community leaders but has since retired from Hispanics United of Buffalo and any other organization he once served with. Juan ya no participa con ninguna organización de la comunidad. Él sigue apoyando a los líderes de la comunidad pero desde entonces se ha retirado de los Hispanos Unidos y cualquiera otra organización en que algún momento sirvió. 4:05 – Juan explains why he is involved in the community Juan explains why he chose to be involved in the Hispanic community. Since he had time, he could try and help the community progress. He was part of Hispanics United as a board member for more than 10 years but had to retire because the board shifted to English only meetings and he was unable to comfortably follow the conversations. English has always been very difficult for him. Juan explica por qué eligió involucrarse en la comunidad hispana. Desde entonces tenía tiempo, él podía tratar y ayudar al progreso de la comunidad. Él fue parte de los Hispanos Unidos como miembro de los directores por más de 10 años pero dejó este puesto porque las conversaciones se convirtieron al inglés y se sintió incómodo tratando de seguirlas. El inglés siempre ha sido muy difícil para él. 7:12 – He compares life today in Puerto Rico with what it was like when he was younger Juan shares his observations of what Puerto Rico is like today compared to what he knew when he was younger. He returned to Puerto Rico for a funeral and was surprised to see some traditions stick but also noticed some huge commercial and linguistic changes. He was very uncomfortable with the amount of Spanglish in the colloquial language. He feels that the Spanish language has been degraded. �Juan comparte sus observaciones de cómo se ve Puerto Rico hoy en día en comparación a lo que se parecía cuando era más joven. Él volvió a Puerto Rico para un funeral y fue sorprendido a ver que algunas de las tradiciones todavía existen pero también se notó que hubo algunos cambios comerciales y lingüísticas enormes. Se sintió muy incómodo con la cantidad de Spanglish en el lenguaje cotidiano. Se siente que la lengua española ha sido degredada. 9:25 – Puerto Rican can never be anything more than a Commonwealth (Free Associated State) Juan explains why Puerto Rico could never become a state of the United State or a free country. There are no resources for it to stand on its own and is dependent on U.S. resources. Juan explica porque Puerto Rico nunca podría ser un estado de los Estados Unidos o un país libre. No hay recursos para que se mantenga su independencia económica y depende vitalmente en los recursos de los Estados Unidos. 10:39 – The Hispanic community in Buffalo was small when he first arrived There were only about 1,000 Hispanic families in Buffalo when Juan arrived here. There weren't any Hispanic run businesses or organizations. Había solamente más o menos 1,000 familias hispanas en Búfalo cuando Juan llegó aquí. No había ningunos negocios o organizaciones dirigidos por hispanos. 12:03 – The community has changed a lot since the early days The Hispanic community has changed drastically since the 50s. There are Hispanic led businesses all over the west side and north of Buffalo. Families now own their own homes. La comunidad hispana ha cambiado drásticamente desde los años 50. Hay negocios dirigidos por hispanos por todos lados del Westside y al norte de Búfalo. Ahora las familias son dueñas de sus propias casas. 12:42 – Politicians help Hispanics Local politicians help the Hispanic community progress. Public figures like Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown and Anthony Masiello gave assistance to the Hispanic community during their terms. �Los políticos locales ayudan al progreso de la comunidad hispana. Los líderes públicos como Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown y Anthony Masiello le dieron asistencia a la comunidad hispana durante sus mandatos. 13:42 – There was a lot of discrimination against Hispanics Hispanics had a difficult time finding jobs regardless of their level of education because of the blatant discrimination against anyone with a Spanish last name. Eventually, the community realized they could progress on their own. Era difícil encontrar trabajo para los hispanos, ni importa el nivel de educación que tenía, por la discriminación obvia contra de cualquiera persona con un apellido español. Eventualmente, la comunidad se dio cuenta que progresaría por su propios medios. 14:20 - Where does discrimination against Hispanics come from? Juan believes that Hispanics now have an advantage over other workers because they are bilingual. They can work in either Spanish or English which makes them more marketable. Juan cree que ahora los hispanos tienen la ventaja sobre otros trabajadores porque son bilingües. Ellos pueden trabajar en español o inglés, lo cual les hace muy atractivo a los empleadores. 18:41 – There are many educated Hispanics Being bilingual has helped the Hispanic community immensely. Many of the Hispanic professionals are bilingual and received many higher degrees. Many professionals had to leave the city because there weren't enough jobs in Buffalo. Siendo bilingüe la ha ayudado la comunidad hispana enorme. Muchos de los profesionales hispanos son bilingües y recibieron títulos a los niveles altos. Muchos profesionales tuvieron que dejar la ciudad porque no era trabajos suficientes en Búfalo. 22:27 - The importance of being bilingual It's advantageous to be bilingual. Juan tells the story about a young woman who moved to New York City to work and was called back to Buffalo because the company in Buffalo knew she was bilingual. �Es ventajoso de ser bilingüe. Juan cuenta una historia sobre una mujer joven quien se mudó a Nueva York para trabajo y fue llamada a volver a Búfalo porque una compañía en Búfalo sabía que era bilingüe. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 42:20 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview <p class="normal"><strong>1:01 - Juan comes directly to Buffalo from Arroyo, Puerto Rico</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan Texidor introduces himself. Juan arrived in Buffalo in 1951 from the small town of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan came looking for work. After 4 weeks, he was able to find a job at Ford Motor Company. He worked there for 34 years.</p> <p class="normal">Juan Texidor se presenta. Juan llegó a Búfalo en 1951 del pequeño pueblo, Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan vino aquí en búsqueda de trabajo. Después de 4 semanas, consiguió un puesto con Ford Motor Company. Él trabajó ahí por 34 años.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:03 - Juan bought a house on Pennsylvania Street</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan moved to the west side of Buffalo. He originally lived on West Chippewa St., but then bought a house on Pennsylvania St. in 1975. He and his wife (now deceased) lived there for 37 years.</p> <p class="normal">Juan se mudó al west side de Búfalo. Originalmente vivía en la calle West Chippewa, pero compró una casa en la calle Pennsylvania en el año 1975. Él y su esposa (ahora fallecida) vivían ahí por 37 años.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>2:12 - Juan finished high school at Buffalo Evening School</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan started Buffalo evening high school to finish his high school degree. He had 2 years of high school education before arriving in Buffalo. He wanted to continue studying but was working full-time.</p> <p class="normal">Juan asistió al Buffalo Evening High School para terminar su educación secundaria. Le faltaron dos años de la educación secundaria antes de llegar a Búfalo. Él quiso seguir estudiando pero ya encontró trabajo</p> <p class="normal"><strong>2:13 - He married his wife in New York City</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan married his wife in 1957 in New York City. He met his wife in Buffalo but she was from NYC. They were together for 47 years. She passed away in 2006.</p> <p class="normal">Juan se casó con su esposa en el año 1957 en Nueva York. Conoció a su esposa en Búfalo, pero ella era de Nueva York. Compartieron 47 años de sus vidas juntos. Ella falleció en el año 2006.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>2:42 – He participated in many community organizations</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan was involved in many community organizations. He first belonged to the la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua (Puerto Rican Society of Mutual Help) for about 4 years. He was also involved in the Junta Consejera de Comunidad (can’t understand) Bilingüe and a board member of Hispanics United of Buffalo.     </p> <p class="normal">Juan se involucraba en muchas organizaciones de la comunidad. Primero, perteneció a la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua por más o menos 4 años. Fue involucrado con la Junta Consejera de Comunidad (falta una parte) Bilingüe y fue miembro de los directores de los Hispanos Unidos de Búfalo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>3:47 – He was one of the founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center </strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan was one of the original founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street. He also helped start the Grease Pole Festival in Buffalo. He was a commentator for 4 years.</p> <p class="normal">Juan era uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la calle Swan. También ayudó a iniciar El Palo Ensebao en Búfalo. Él era comentarista por 4 años.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>6:13 – Juan starts a Spanish language radio show</strong></p> <p class="normal">Jimmy Ruiz began the Spanish language in Western New York. When they moved the radio show to the Pucho Olivencia Center, Juan took over the program. Luis Marchany and Ricardo Acosta helped him with the program. (WJJL - Started on WHLD in Niagara Falls, but then moved to WJJL). They would broadcast the program every single Sunday all year around. </p> <p class="normal">Jimmy Ruiz empezó la estación en español en Western New York. Cuando cambiaron el lugar de la transmisión del programa al Centro Pucho Olivencia, Juan asumió la responsabilidad del programa. Luis Marchany y Ricardo Acosta lo ayudaron con el programa. (WJJL - empezó en el canal WHLD en Niagara Falls, pero se mudó a WJJL). Transmitían el programa cada domingo por todo el año.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>6:14 - Jimmy Ruiz starts a radio show in Niagara Falls</strong></p> <p class="normal">Jimmy Ruíz started a Spanish language radio station broadcasting from Niagara Falls. Juan filled in for Jimmy when Jimmy went back to Puerto Rico to go to school. Juan travelled to Niagara Falls for 29 years as the broadcaster of the only Spanish language radio station in the region. The program only broadcasted on Sundays. The radio started on WHLD but ended up on WJJL.</p> <p class="normal">Jimmy Ruiz empezó una estación en español transmitiendo de Niagara Falls. Juan asumió su posición cuando Jimmy volvió a Puerto Rico para asistir a la escuela. Juan viajó a Niagara Falls por 29 años como locutor de la única estación de radio en español. El programa solamente se transmitía los domingos. La estación de radio empezó en el canal WHLD pero cambió al de WJJL.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>8:05 – He looked for announcements and news for the Hispanic Community</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan was responsible for finding news from the Hispanic community and transmitting it on the airwaves. He retired'--along with the show'--in the 90's.</p> <p class="normal">Juan era encargado a buscar las noticias de la comunidad hispana y transmitirlas en las olas de radio. Se retiró--también del programa--en los 90.<br /><br /><strong>8:38 – They relocated the radio station to downtown Buffalo</strong></p> <p class="normal">Eventually, there was a Spanish language radio station in downtown Buffalo. Juan continued as a broadcaster in Buffalo but it didn't last long because it became too much work for one person. Now there is only one Spanish language radio show (1 hour long) on WJJL.</p> <p class="normal">Eventualmente, se puso el programa de radio en español en el centro de Búfalo. Juan continuó como locutor en Búfalo pero no duró mucho porque fue demasiado trabajo para una persona. Ahora, hay solamente un programa de radio en español (dura 1 hora) en WJJL.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>10:12 – He no longer belongs to any organizations</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan no longer participates in any community organizations. He continues to support local community leaders but has since retired from Hispanics United of Buffalo and any other organization he once served with.</p> <p class="normal">Juan ya no participa con ninguna organización de la comunidad. Él sigue apoyando  a los líderes de la comunidad pero desde entonces se ha retirado de los Hispanos Unidos y cualquiera otra organización en que algún momento sirvió.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>4:05 – Juan explains why he is involved in the community</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan explains why he chose to be involved in the Hispanic community. Since he had time, he could try and help the community progress. He was part of Hispanics United as a board member for more than 10 years but had to retire because the board shifted to English only meetings and he was unable to comfortably follow the conversations. English has always been very difficult for him. </p> <p class="normal">Juan explica por qué eligió involucrarse en la comunidad hispana. Desde entonces tenía tiempo, él podía tratar y ayudar al progreso de la comunidad. Él fue parte de los Hispanos Unidos como miembro de los directores por más de 10 años pero dejó este puesto porque las conversaciones se convirtieron al inglés y se sintió incómodo tratando de seguirlas. El inglés siempre ha sido muy difícil para él.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>7:12 – He compares life today in Puerto Rico with what it was like when he was younger</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan shares his observations of what Puerto Rico is like today compared to what he knew when he was younger. He returned to Puerto Rico for a funeral and was surprised to see some traditions stick but also noticed some huge commercial and linguistic changes. He was very uncomfortable with the amount of Spanglish in the colloquial language. He feels that the Spanish language has been degraded.</p> <p class="normal">Juan comparte sus observaciones de cómo se ve Puerto Rico hoy en día en comparación a lo que se parecía cuando era más joven. Él volvió a Puerto Rico para un funeral y fue sorprendido a ver que algunas de las tradiciones todavía existen pero también se notó que hubo algunos cambios comerciales y lingüísticas enormes. Se sintió muy incómodo con la cantidad de Spanglish en el lenguaje cotidiano. Se siente que la lengua española ha sido degredada.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>9:25 – Puerto Rican can never be anything more than a Commonwealth (Free Associated State)</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan explains why Puerto Rico could never become a state of the United State or a free country. There are no resources for it to stand on its own and is dependent on U.S. resources.</p> <p class="normal">Juan explica porque Puerto Rico nunca podría ser un estado de los Estados Unidos o un país libre. No hay recursos para que se mantenga su independencia económica y depende vitalmente en los recursos de los Estados Unidos.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>10:39 – The Hispanic community in Buffalo was small when he first arrived</strong></p> <p class="normal">There were only about 1,000 Hispanic families in Buffalo when Juan arrived here. There weren't any Hispanic run businesses or organizations.       </p> <p class="normal">Había solamente más o menos 1,000 familias hispanas en Búfalo cuando Juan llegó aquí. No había ningunos negocios o organizaciones dirigidos por hispanos.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>12:03 – The community has changed a lot since the early days</strong></p> <p class="normal">The Hispanic community has changed drastically since the 50s. There are Hispanic led businesses all over the west side and north of Buffalo. Families now own their own homes.    </p> <p class="normal">La comunidad hispana ha cambiado drásticamente desde los años 50. Hay negocios dirigidos por hispanos por todos lados del Westside y al norte de Búfalo. Ahora las familias son dueñas de sus propias casas.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>12:42 – Politicians help Hispanics</strong></p> <p class="normal">Local politicians help the Hispanic community progress. Public figures like Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown and Anthony Masiello gave assistance to the Hispanic community during their terms.    </p> <p class="normal">Los políticos locales ayudan al progreso de la comunidad hispana. Los líderes públicos como Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown y Anthony Masiello le dieron asistencia a la comunidad hispana durante sus mandatos.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>13:42 – There was a lot of discrimination against Hispanics</strong></p> <p class="normal">Hispanics had a difficult time finding jobs regardless of their level of education because of the blatant discrimination against anyone with a Spanish last name. Eventually, the community realized they could progress on their own.</p> <p class="normal">Era difícil encontrar trabajo para los hispanos, ni importa el nivel de educación que tenía, por la discriminación obvia contra de cualquiera persona con un apellido español. Eventualmente, la comunidad se dio cuenta que progresaría por su propios medios.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>14:20 - Where does discrimination against Hispanics come from?</strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan believes that Hispanics now have an advantage over other workers because they are bilingual. They can work in either Spanish or English which makes them more marketable.  <strong>            </strong></p> <p class="normal">Juan cree que ahora los hispanos tienen la ventaja sobre otros trabajadores porque son bilingües. Ellos pueden trabajar en español o inglés, lo cual les hace muy atractivo a los empleadores.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>18:41 – There are many educated Hispanics</strong></p> <p class="normal">Being bilingual has helped the Hispanic community immensely. Many of the Hispanic professionals are bilingual and received many higher degrees. Many professionals had to leave the city because there weren't enough jobs in Buffalo.</p> <p class="normal">Siendo bilingüe la ha ayudado la comunidad hispana enorme. Muchos de los profesionales hispanos son bilingües y recibieron títulos a los niveles altos. Muchos profesionales tuvieron que dejar la ciudad porque no era trabajos suficientes en Búfalo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>22:27 - The importance of being bilingual</strong></p> <p class="normal">It's advantageous to be bilingual. Juan tells the story about a young woman who moved to New York City to work and was called back to Buffalo because the company in Buffalo knew she was bilingual. </p> <p class="normal">Es ventajoso de ser bilingüe. Juan cuenta una historia sobre una mujer joven quien se mudó a Nueva York para trabajo y fue llamada a volver a Búfalo porque una compañía en Búfalo sabía que era bilingüe.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juan Texidor Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Juan Texidor (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview was conducted on July 31, 2012 with Juan Texidor at his home on Pennsylvania Street in Buffalo, NY by Stephanie Bucalo. The interview took place on his front porch. There are ambient noises from passing cars and people in the neighborhood talking and playing. The entire interview is in Spanish.Juan Texidor was born in Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico and migrated to Western New York in 1951. Juan completed part of his formal education in Puerto Rico but completed his High School degree at Buffalo Evening School at Bennett High School as a full-working adult. Juan was employed by the Ford Motor Company and very active in the Hispanic community. He eventually became a very well-known voice on the airwaves with his weekly Spanish language radio program. Juan was one of the founding fathers of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street and was a member of the board for various Hispanic organizations until the language at the meetings became English heavy. Juan offers his opinions about the Hispanic community in Buffalo, especially in terms of education and the social changes taking place. He also shares his thoughts on how Puerto Rico has changed since his childhood and where he thinks the island is heading economically, politically and socially. Esta entrevista fue conducida el 31 de Julio 2012 con Juan Texidor en su casa en la Calle Pennsylvania en Buffalo, NY por Stephanie Bucalo. La entrevista tomó lugar en el porche adelante. Hubo una abundancia de ruidos ambientes de los coches pasando por la casa y los vecinos que estaban hablando y jugando. La entrevista entera es en español. Juan Texidor nació en la Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico y migró al Oeste de Nueva York en 1951. Juan cumplió una parte de su educación formal en Puerto Rico pero la cumplió por completo a Buffalo Evening School a Bennett High School como un adulto trabajando full-time. Juan fue empleado por Ford Motor Company y fue muy activo en la comunidad hispana. Él eventualmente se volvió una voz bien conocida por las alas de radio con su programa de radio en español semanal. Juan fue uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la Calle Swan y fue un miembro de juntas varias de unas organizaciones hispanas en la comunidad hasta el momento en que las conversaciones se convirtieron fuertemente en inglés. Juan ofrece sus opiniones sobre la comunidad hispana en Búfalo, especialmente en términos de la educación y los cambios sociales que están tomando lugar en ese momento. También comparte sus pensamientos sobre cómo ha cambiado Puerto Rico desde su niñez y a dónde cree que la isla va económicamente, políticamente y socialmente. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-07-31 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Employment and Labor Migration https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/5dd2be7ef9d38da77597234fdeb8dbe5.jpg 5ea39630035d0bbb51d26d7c1de578ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juan Texidor, Isabel Texidor, Carmita mother Description An account of the resource Juan and Isabel Texidor - Juan was a well known leader in the Hispanic community and voice on the air. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Media https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/855721eca5fd7f877cf58c38fedf1663.jpg 091ab92b4102072d182d8d469cf6f2c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Junta Patriotica Mexicana Description An account of the resource Junta Patriotica Mexicana, Later - Centro Social Mexicano was an organization created to help families from Mexico celebrate their culture. Mexican workers filled jobs at the Bethlehem Steel Plant during the manpower shortage that occurred during the war. In 1947, the Centro Social Mexicano was organized and opened its own building. In this music, the musicians are playing traditional music at an event in 1946. Pictured: Eusebio Orozco, Ralph L. Calderon, Louise (Orozco) Kosanovich, and Josephine Orozco. (Images of America – Lackawanna) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Building Community Involvement Lackawanna Mexican Community Social Clubs https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/0ce41b73e6c41bdeb84685f826ce7d8a.mp3 0e15c87299b08808bc385379f811266c https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/9d0d13f3d2fe0f1c895ad408882c2246.pdf 6e208b493b2bd15dd3852c7e0b1d0b0d PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Juventino Mejia Interview Location: Lackawanna Public Library, Lackawanna, NY Interview Date: August 2, 2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 2:01:05 Executive Summary: This interview with Juventino Mejia was conducted on August 2, 2012 by Stephanie Bucalo at the Lackawanna Public Library on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. Juventino was born in the state of Michoacán, México and migrated to the United States, first to Laredo, Texas, with his mother and then later to Buffalo where his mother joined her future husband. Juventino is a very charismatic storyteller. He begins his story back in México and the southwestern part of the United States where he depicts a lawless land and one where man must overcome the perilous nature surrounding him. Tino, short for Juventino, was fortunate enough to come from a family that had the means to obtain a passport and legal passage to the United States. Because of this advantage, Tino was able to complete his formal secondary education, was enlisted in the U.S. Army (even though he was not a U.S. citizen yet), obtained gainful employment, completed higher education under the G.I. Bill and later on became very active in the Hispanic community as an advocate for those who needed support. Despite that fact that Tino’s arrival was slightly easier than many others who arrived at this time, Tino’s family still faced the same challenges that other Hispanic families endured during this time period. They never went on welfare, but everyone in the house helped in any way they could. After serving in the Korean War, Juventino returned to Buffalo and began to pursue a degree and career in Social Work. He became very involved in the Hispanic community as an advocate and a founder of Hispanic based organizations. Tino was also a boxer and musician. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Juventino Mejia fue conducida el 2 de agosto 2012 por Stephanie Bucalo a la Biblioteca Pública de Lackawanna en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Juventino nació en el estado de Michoacán, México y emigró a los Estados Unidos, primero a Laredo, Texas, con su madre y luego más tarde a Búfalo donde su madre se reunió con su nuevo esposo. Juventino cuenta su historia con mucho carisma. Él empieza su historia en México y el �suroeste de los Estaos Unidos donde él pinta una tierra sin leyes y una donde el hombre tiene que superar lo peligroso de la tierra salvaje alrededor de él. Tino, corto para Juventino, fue bastante afortunado a venir de una familia que tenía los medios para obtener un pasaporte y pasaje legal a los Estados Unidos. Por esta ventaja, Tino cumplió su educación formal, se alistó al ejército estadounidense (Aunque ya no fue ciudadano estadounidense), obtuvo empleo retribuido, cumplió su título avanzado de la universidad bajo del G.I. Bill y más tarde se volvió muy activo en la comunidad hispana como un defensor para los que necesitan el apoyo. A pesar del hecho que la llegada de Tino era más fácil para él que a los demás que han llegado a ese tiempo, la familia de Tino sintió los mismos desafíos que las otras familias hispanas soportaron durante este periodo. Ellos nunca necesitaron la asistencia gubernamental, pero todo el mundo en la casa hicieron su parte para mantener una buena vida. Después de servir en la Guerra Coreana, Juventino volvió a Búfalo y empezó a perseguir un título y una carrera en el trabajo social. Él se puso muy activo en la comunidad hispana como defensor y un fundador de unas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad hispana. Tino también fue boxeador y músico. Story Clips: 1:04 - Mexicans are hard workers Mexicans are hard workers. Just like other migrant groups of the past, Mexicans came to the United States looking for better opportunities. They, like so many other migrant groups, leave their countries because of governmental corruption and other crimes against their people. Despite having its own problem, the United States is a much better environment for migrants. Los mexicanos son trabajadores fuertes. Como otros grupos de migrantes del pasado, los mexicanos vinieron a los Estados Unidos en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades. Ellos, como tantos otros grupos de migrantes, se fueron de sus países por la corrupción gubernamental y otros delitos contra de su gente. A pesar de tener sus propios problemas, los Estados Unidos tienen un mejor ambiente para los migrantes. 4:31 - Tino was born in Michoacán, México Tino was born in the southwest of Mexico in the state of Michoacán. Tino describes the climate and landscape of Michoacán, Mexico. �Tino nació en la parte suroeste de México en el estado de Michoacán. Tino describe el clima y el paisaje de Michoacán, México. 5:40 - Many Mexicans acquire land after the Mexican Revolution After the Revolution, many Mexicans were able to acquire land. Después de la revolución mexicana, muchos mexicanos consiguieron tierra. 6:31 - Tino's family had the means to travel to the US Tino’s father and grandfather owned tractors signifying that they had means. Because of this wealth, Tino was able to get a passport, which made it easier for him to come to the United States. They originally had no intention of coming to the United States permanently. His family traveled between the U.S. and Mexico frequently. If you had a passport, it was easy to apply for residency in the southwest. El padre y el abuelo de Tino tuvieron sus propios tractores y eso significó que tuvieron dinero. Por esta riqueza, Tino consiguió un pasaporte, lo cual, le hizo más fácil la entrada a los Estados Unidos. Originalmente, ellos no tuvieron the intención de quedarse permanentemente en los Estados Unidos. Su familia viajaba entre los EEUU y México con frecuencia. Si tuviera un pasaporte, era muy fácil a pedir residencia en el suroeste. 7:23 - Family troubles Tino’s parents started to have problems. His father got married in California, USA. The woman came to look for him back in Mexico. Tino’s mother took the kids to Mexico City where they had relatives. They lived there and went to school there. It was a huge change for them since they were from a very small town in Michoacán. Tino talks about the dangers of growing up in rural Mexico and living with the wildlife. He tells this story to make a comparison to what he experiences in Mexico City. Los padres de Tino empezaron a tener problemas con su relación. Su padre se casó con otra mujer en California, EEUU. La mujer vino a buscar su padre en México. Después la madre de Tino llevó sus hijos al Distrito Federal (la Ciudad de México) donde ya tenía familia. Ellos vivieron ahí y asistieron a la escuela. Ese era un gran cambio para ellos porque vinieron de un pueblito en Michoacán. Tino explica los peligros de criarse en la parte rural de México y como vivir con su fauna. Él cuenta esta historia para hacer una comparación con lo que él experimenta en el D.F. �9:48 - The wild wild west was dangerous The wild, wild, west was very dangerous. Everyone ran around with pistols. There was no electricity, so you had to be extra careful. He explains the limited resources that were available to light a home and to allow people to cook. You had to look for a specific type of wood that was incredible. You didn't need a phone because you could yell and everyone would hear you. You could hear the violence taking place in the region. There were no police officers; therefore people could live without laws. El "wild, wild, west" fue muy peligroso. Todo el mundo tuvo pistolas. No hubo corriente, entonces uno tuvo que ser muy cuidadoso. Él explica los límites de los recursos disponibles para encender un hogar y para dar fuego al cocinar. Uno tuvo que buscar un cierto tipo de madera incendiaria. No se necesitó un teléfono porque se pudo gritar y todo el mundo se lo hubiera oído. Se pudo oír la violencia que tomó lugar en la región. No hubo la policía, entonces la gente se pudo vivir sin leyes. 13:30 - Tino's mother meets a man from Laredo, Texas His grandmother had family in Laredo. They renewed their passports so they could go back and forth between Mexico and the United States. Tino’s mother met a man who had relatives in Buffalo. Su abuela tuvo familia en Laredo, Texas. Ellos renovaron sus pasaportes para que pudieran viajar entre México y los EEUU. La madre de Tino conoció a un hombre que tuvo parientes en Búfalo. 15:59 - Why is this man marrying my mother? Tino’s mother was very young when he was born. He says they "grew up together". There were 6 children in the family. Tino didn't quite understand why this new man wanted to marry his mother with 6 children. He feared that the man was going to send them to the US and make them work or buy insurance policies and kill them each off. He was very skeptical of this new man. He admitted that his mother was very pretty. La madre de Tino era muy joven cuando él nació. Él dice que ellos "se criaron juntos". Hubo 6 hijos en la familia. Tino no entendió porque este nuevo hombre quiso casarse con su madre que ya tuvo 6 hijos. Él temió que el hombre los mandara a los EEUU y les hiciera trabajar o que él compara el �seguro de vida para todos y matarlos uno por uno. Tino estuvo muy escéptico de este hombre. Eventualmente él admitió que su madre fue muy bonita. 17:41 - Why does Tino want to come to the US? It was easier for the family to immigrate since Tino’s mother was married to an American citizen. They completed all of the paperwork to legally immigrate. Tino had to speak with a female immigration officer. She asked him why he wanted to go to the United States. Tino responded that he didn't want to go and that it was his mother who wanted to immigrate. The officer was trying to figure out why the family was leaving Mexico. Tino didn't want to be a traitor to his country and explained that he had to go because his mother was. Fue más fácil a emigrar desde que su madre se casó con un ciudadano estadounidense. Ellos llenaron todas las formas para la inmigración legal. Tino tuvo que hablar con una aduanera. Ella le preguntó porque él quiso ir a los Estados Unidos. Él respondió que no quiso ir pero tuvo que ir con su madre quien se casó con el hombre estadounidense y que ella quiso emigrar. Tino no quiso ser traidor a su país y se lo explicó a la aduanera. 21:22 - It was tough living in a crowded house After immigrating they moved in with his mother´s mother-in-law. The house had pictures from the Mexican Revolution with guns larger than the man in the photos. Tino explains that it is difficult to live with them for an extended period of time because there were so many of them. They felt like they were always in the way. Después de emigrar, ellos se mudaron a la casa de la suegra de la madre de Tino. La casa tuvo fotos de la revolución mexicana con armas más grandes que los hombres en las fotos. Tino explica que después de un poco de tiempo volvió a ser difícil de vivir en la casa porque hubo tanta gente. Ellos se sintieron que les molestaron porque siempre ocuparon el mismo espacio. 22:40 - Tino is from New Mexico Tino went to school all by himself. Everyone thought he was from New Mexico. Tino just agreed politely. Tino asistió al primer día de escuela solito. Todo el mundo pensó que vino de Nuevo México. Tino se aportó sinceramente. 23:05 - Almost got hit by cars in Mexico City �Tino went to school by himself. He was still a young kid from a rural part of Mexico. He was not used to the traffic in Mexico City. He almost got hit by trucks because he wasn't used to so much traffic. His mother told him to take care of himself. The same thing happened when he arrived in the United States. He was sent to school on his own. There was also lots of traffic. Tino asistió a la escuela solito. Él era jovencito de una parte rural de México. No estaba acostumbrado a la circulación en el D.F. Él casi se chocó con unos camiones porque no estaba acostumbrado a tanta circulación. Su madre le dijo que se cuidara en camino a la escuela. Lo mismo pasó cuando llegó en los EEUU. Su madre le mandó a la escuela solito. Otra vez hubo mucha circulación. 24:05 – Where are the buildings? Tino thought that all of New York State was like New York City. Tino pensó que todo el estado de Nueva York fue como la ciudad de Nueva York. 24:25 - Dust equals progress Tino learns that the dust and smoke hanging over Lackawanna equates to success. People were happy with the pollution because it meant that people were working. Tino aprende que el polvo y el humo encima de Lackawanna significa el éxito. La gente estuvo feliz con la polución porque quiso decir que la gente trabajaba. 25:10 – The nice guy learns English and a few other valuable lessons Tino was in very good shape. He was a boxer when he was younger. Because of this, he was very disciplined, dressed nicely and always had a friendly personality. At first he didn't understand English but quickly learned when people started talking to him. He found learning English to be very easy because there were a lot of similarities between it and Spanish, as well as with Latin and other languages he could understand. It took him about 3 months to learn English. He knew he understood it well because he started to dream in English. Tino felt very comfortable in his community and speaking with people in the community. He also maintained his ability to speak Spanish because there were so many Spanish speaking members in the community. �Tino siempre estaba en buena forma. Él era boxeador cuando era joven. Por eso, él tenía buena disciplina, se vestía bien y siempre era amable. Al principio, no entendió el inglés pero rápidamente lo aprendió cuando mucha gente empezó a hablarle. Él descubrió que al aprender el inglés no sería tan difícil por las semejanzas entre el español y el inglés, tanto como con el latín y otros idiomas que pudo entender. No lo tomó más que tres meses para entender bien el inglés. Supo que lo entendió cuando una noche soñó completamente en inglés. Tino se sintió muy cómodo en su comunidad, especialmente hablando con la gente en la comunidad. Él también mantuvo su capacidad de hablar en español porque hubo una grande población de hispanohablantes de distintos lugares. 29:04 - Lackawanna is the city of the United Nations Tino found that living in Lackawanna had its benefits because it was an amalgam of different cultures. Everyone was there for the same things. Lackawanna was called the "City of the United Nations. The migrants who settled there came specifically to work in industry (Bethlehem Steel) or other places of employment of the same nature. It was easy for newcomers to live there because of the diversity and the similar lifestyles they were all living. Tino encontró que hubo muchos beneficios en la vivienda en Lackawanna porque fue una amalgama de culturas distintas. Todo el mundo estuvo ahí para las mismas razones. Se llamó Lackawanna "la Ciudad de las Naciones Unidas". Los migrantes que hicieron la vivienda ahí, vinieron específicamente para trabajar en la industria (Bethlehem Steel) o en otros lugares de empleo de la misma manera. Era fácil vivir ahí para los nuevos llegados por la diversidad y las viviendas semejantes que todo el mundo vivía. 29:51 - Fiesta Patriotica celebrates Mexican festivities The Mexican Club was established in the 1930s (1935 or 1937) solely for the purpose of celebrating Mexican holidays. They were also called the Fiesta Patriótica. El Club Social Mexicano fue establecido en los años 30. (1935 o 1937) solamente por el propósito de festejar los feriados mexicanos. También se llamó la Fiesta Patriótica. 31:07 - Tino's family never went on welfare No one used the word "welfare" in terms of social benefits. At first, Tino didn´t realized what the word meant in those terms since there were venues �such as the Spanish Welfare Association, which actually was a social venue. Tino’s family never went on welfare even when his stepfather was unemployed. There was some relief available to people who needed extra help. They received rations of butter, flour, beans and cheese; however they never relied on social benefits to survive. Nadie usó la palabra "welfare" en los términos de los beneficios sociales. Al principio, Tino no se dio cuenta del sentido de esos términos porque hubo lugares como la Asociación Social Español (confirma esta traducción), la cual actualmente era un lugar social. La familia de Tino nunca pidió ayuda de los servicios sociales aun cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado. Hubo un poco de asistencia a la gente que la necesitó. Ellos recibieron raciones de manteca, harina, frijoles y queso, pero ellos nunca confiaron solamente en los beneficios sociales para sobrevivir. 32:37 - Mom starts a specialty Mexican store but misses a huge opportunity Tino’s grandfather gave his mother some money to start a store called Garcia´s Grocery Store. She owned the first business to sell Mexican ingredients. People would travel from Canada to purchase these ingredients. Before this, you had to go to Detroit to get authentic Mexican products. She was offered the opportunity to be a distributor of Mexican products but decided to just run her own business. She lost out on a huge business since no one else was distributing Mexican products in the region. El abuelo de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para empezar una tienda que se llamó Garcia’s Grocery Store. Ella fue dueña del primer negocio que vendió ingredientes mexicanos. La gente de Canadá viajó a Búfalo para comprar los ingredientes. Antes de este momento se tuvo que ir a Detroit para encontrar los productos mexicanos auténticos. Ella estaba ofrecida la oportunidad de distribuir los productos mexicanos pero decidió que quiso manejar su propio negocio. Ella perdió una buena oportunidad porque nadie distribuía este tipo de producto en la región. 34:10 - Mom buys a farm in Eden Tino’s father gave his mother some money to start the store. His mother then purchased 72 acres and started a farm in Eden, NY in 1960. The land had a house and a barn and only cost $19,500. She put down a down payment and paid a very low mortgage. �El padre de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para que abriera la tienda. Luego, su madre compró un pedazo de tierra de 72 acres y empezó una granja en Eden, NY en el año 1960. La tierra tuvo una casa y un granero y solo le cobró $29,500. Ella puso una entrega y después pagó una hipoteca muy baja. 35:11 - Everyone would work The family lived on 211 Ingam Avenue above the store. Tino’s mom and brother worked in the store and his stepfather worked at Bethlehem Steel. His stepfather still had family in Laredo so they traveled back and forth every year. They owned property in Buffalo and everyone was working so they were never in need of governmental assistance. Even during the strike, when his stepfather was laid off, there was plenty of support within the family. They did not need to reach out for relief. La familia vivió a 211 Avenida Ingam encima de la tienda. La madre de Tino y su hermano trabajaron a la tienda y su padrastro trabajó a Bethlehem Steel. Su padrastro todavía tuvo familia en Laredo entonces la familia viajó entre Laredo y Búfalo cada año. Ellos fueron dueños de la propiedad en Búfalo y todo el mundo en la familia trabajaba, entonces nunca necesitaron la asistencia del gobierno. Aun durante la huelga, cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado, se soportaron dentro de la familia. No necesitaron buscar ayuda. 36:48 - The Spanish Club threw an Independence Day Festivity for Mexicans The Spanish Club threw Mexican Independence Day celebrations. Tino finds this hilarious because the celebration is to commemorate Mexico gaining its independence from Spain and the Spanish Club is the one hosting it. El Club Español dio una celebración para el Día de Independencia en México. Tino lo encuentro histérico porque la celebración es para conmemorar la independencia de México de España y aquí tenemos el Club Español acogiendo la celebración. 37:15 - In 1947 the Centro Social Mexicano of Western New York was incorporated The Mexican Club officially started in 1947. It was officially called the Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. People would come from various parts of New York and Canada. �El Club Mexicano oficialmente empezó en el año 1947. Oficialmente se lo llamó el Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. La gente vino de varias partes de Nueva York y Canadá. 38:07 - An honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo There was an honorary Mexican Council here in Buffalo. A man with the last name Russell came from Germany but lived in Mexico for many years conducting business. He then relocated to Buffalo, NY. Because of the diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, they set up an honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo. He was put in charge of it. Hubo un Consejo Mexicano honorado aquí en Búfalo. Un hombre con el apellido de Russell vino de Alemania pero vivió en México por muchos años haciendo negocios. Después se mudó a Búfalo, NY. Por las relaciones diplomáticas entre los EEUU y México, ellos iniciaron un Consejo Mexicano honorado en Búfalo. Él fue puesto encargado de este Consejo. 39:36 - Started his social work career at a very young age as an interpreter People would come to Tino for help translating at places such as Social Services. Hospitals, schools, etc. They knew he was bilingual. This is how he became interested in pursuing a career in social work. Mucha gente vino a Tino pidiéndole ayuda en lugares como a los Servicios Sociales, los hospitales, las escuelas, etc. Ellos supieron que él era bilingüe. Este es como a él empezó a interesarse la idea de perseguir una carrera en la asistencia social. 40:33 - There were a lot of jobs Tino explains his first working experiences in Buffalo. He started off in a restaurant and then ended up at Buffalo Break Beam making $7/hr, which, at the time was a lot of money. Buffalo Break Beam was a busy national factory which made tired hand breaks for trains. Tino looked at work as a way to exercise and make money, so he was always willing to work hard. Tino explica sus primeras experiencias con el trabajo en Búfalo. Él empezó trabajando en un restaurante y luego encontró trabajo en Búfalo Break Beam ganando $7/hra, lo cual en esta época era mucho. Búfalo Break Beam era una fábrica nacional concurrida la cual hacía los frenos de mano para los �ferrocarriles. Tino vio el trabajo como manera de hacer los ejercicios y ganar dinero, entonces, siempre tuvo ganas de trabajar duro. 43:22 - Learns the meaning of "DP" Tino learns what the word "displaced person" means. His mother thought maybe they were displaced people but they never went through war and horrible crises in their home country. They never had to "dodge bullets". Tino aprende lo que quería decir la palabra "persona desplazada". Su madre pensó que quizás ellos fueron desplazados pero ellos nunca vivieron por una guerra en sus países natales. Ellos nunca tuvieron que "esquivar las balas". 44:22 - There were various employment opportunities in Western New York Tino explains that there were different employment opportunities--not just farms and industry. He explains the different positions he had and how he was always working since a young age. Tino explica que hubo oportunidades diferentes para empleo--no solamente en las granjas y la industria. Él describe los puestos diferentes que tenía y como él siempre estaba trabajando desde una edad joven. 45:16 - Tino gets a job with Bethlehem Steel Tino meets a connection to his future job at Bethlehem Steel. Mr. Miller offered him a job at Bethlehem Steel--asking if he is ready for work. Gave him a contact name at the plant. Shortly after Tino was hired to work in the structural shipping department. Bethlehem Steel had a union and paid a better salary. Tino conoce a un vínculo a su trabajo futuro a Bethlehem Steel. Sr. Miller le ofreció un puesto a Bethlehem Steel--preguntándole si estaba listo para trabajar. Él dio un nombre de contacto a la planta. Muy poco después fue contratado para trabajar en el departamento de envio estructural. Bethlehem Steel tuvo una unión y pagó un salario mejor. 47:40 - Mexicans are hard workers Tino believes that Mexicans are hard workers. They are willing to do whatever they need to in order to make money--as long as it is legal. They believe in helping one another and succeeding. �Tino cree que los mexicanos son buenos trabajadores. Ellos están dispuestos a hacer lo que sea necesario para ganar dinero--con tal de que sea legal. Ellos creen que hay que ayudar a los otros para tener éxito. 48:29 - Never knew what it was to pay medical bills Tino was a very healthy man who rarely went to the doctors. Despite not needing the services, he felt assured that he was lucky enough to have coverage in case something did happen. He expresses his concern for current health care discussions and the people who wish to cut social services. He feels it is necessary to have these services so people don't resort to violence to obtain their basic needs. Tino era un hombre muy saludable y casi nunca fue al médico. A pesar de no necesitar los servicios, se sentía asegurado que tuvo mucha suerte tener el seguro por la casualidad de que algo le pasara. Él explica su preocupación para los debates sobre el sistema de salud hoy en día. Él siente que es necesario que se tengan estos servicios para que la gente no recurra a la violencia para obtener las necesidades básicas. 49:28 - Drafted into the military even though he was not a U.S. citizen Tino received a letter from the U.S. government informing him that he was drafted into the military. He tried to explain that he cannot go because of his family and because he was sending money to his grandmother. The man told him he had to go because his country needs him even though he only had a green card. He was told he had all of the same rights as a U.S. citizen except he cannot vote. They threatened to send him back to Mexico if he did not serve. Tino served. Tino recibió una carta del gobierno estadounidense al informarle que fue reclutado al ejército. Él trató de explicar que no pudo servir porque su familia lo necesitaba y porque le mandaba dinero a su abuela. El hombre le dijo que tuvo que ir porque su país lo necesita aunque solamente tuvo una carta verde. Se le dijo que tuvo todos los mismos derechos que un ciudadano estadounidense menos el voto. Ellos amenazaron con enviarlo de vuelta a México si no sirve. Tino sirvió. 51:36 - Sent grandma whatever he could Tino sent money to his grandmother in Laredo whenever he could. He even sent her money while he was serving in the military. He explains that it was �easier for him to send a money order while he was in the military because they were cheaper. Le mandó dinero a su abuela en Laredo cuando pudo. Él aún le mandó dinero cuando servía en el ejército. Él explica que fue más fácil para mandar un giro postal mientras que estaba en el ejército porque era más barato. 52:22 - African Americans have had it the worst Tino describes the group of people who served with him during basic training in South Carolina. He specifically remembers a particularly discriminatory moment with James Moore, an African American, when they went to Columbus, South Carolina. The waitress told Moore that they have a policy that states they don't serve "colored people". Moore was very polite and peacefully walked out. All of the soldiers who accompanied him to dinner also got up and left with him. One gentleman decided to share his thoughts, which included many insults to how racist southerners were. Moore was grateful for their support. Tino describe un grupo de gente con quien sirvió él durante la formación básica en South Carolina. Él específicamente recuerda un momento lo que fue particularmente discriminatorio con James Moore, un americano africano, cuando ellos fueron a Columbus, South Carolina. La mesera le dijo a Moore que el restaurante tiene una regla que dice que no sirve a la "gente colorada". Moore respondió con cortés y pacíficamente se fue del restaurante. Todos los soldados que lo acompañaban a la cena también se levantaron y se fueron con él. Un caballero decidió que quiso compartir sus sentimientos, los cuales incluyeron muchos insultos como los del sur son racistas. Moore estaba agradecido por su apoyo. 56:06 - You must know your serial number to leave the base Tino went to request a leave for the evening but could not remember his serial number. He was not allowed to leave until he could remember it. He didn't think it was important. Tino fue a pedir una salida para una noche pero no pudo recordar su número de serial. No obtuvo el permiso de irse hasta que él pudiera recordar su número de serial. Él no pensó que fuera importante. 57:39 - You can't come in because you are Puerto Rican �Tino and his friend Jose Robles were not allowed to enter the Rooster because Jose was Puerto Rican. They allowed Tino to enter, but once they realized that Jose was Puerto Rican they said he couldn't enter. Tino went back to see why they wouldn't let Jose in, they told him he couldn't come in because he was Puerto Rican. A group of Puerto Ricans from a different training site broke a bunch of windows and destroyed part of the bar in a bar fight the night before. They thought Tino and Jose were part of the same group. Eventually the two were allowed to enter. Tino y su amigo José Robles no estaban permitidos a entrar al Rooster porque José era puertorriqueño. Le permitieron que Tino entrara, pero cuando se dieron cuenta que José era puertorriqueño, le dijeron que no pudo entrar. Tino regresó para averiguar porque no le permitieron que José entrara, le dijeron que él no pudo entrar porque era puertorriqueño. Un grupo de puertorriqueños de otro sitio de formación rompió unas ventanas y destruyeron una parte del bar en una lucha la noche anterior. Ellos pensaron que Tino y José eran parte del mismo grupo. Eventualmente, se permitieron entrar a José y Tino. 1:00:04 - You can only buy a pitcher of beer Tino went to another bar that night to order a beer. They could only buy pitchers, so he and Jose bought a pitcher. A man in the bar told Tino that he needed to buy him a drink. He thought he was kidding since they had to buy them in pitchers. The man waited and finally confronted him because Tino didn't buy him one because he didn't want to be forced into buying one for a stranger. The man got mad and picked a fight with him. The police eventually came and told them to make peace or get arrested. Tino was fearless. Tino fue a otro bar esta misma noche para pedir una cerveza. Ellos pudieron solamente comprarla en jarras, entonces él y José compraron una jarra. Un hombre en el bar le dijo a Tino que él tuviera que comprarlo una bebida. Él pensó que estaba bromeando porque solo pudieron comprar las cervezas en jarras. El hombre esperó y finalmente se enfrentó a Tino porque él no lo compró una cerveza porque él no quiso ser forzado a comprar una cerveza para un extranjero. El hombre se puso muy enojado y empezó una pelea con Tino. Eventualmente la policía vino y les dijo que hubiera que hacer la paz o ser detenido. Tino no tuvo miedo. 1:05:14 - Tino is sent to the Dominican Republic during the Cuban Missile Crisis �After returning to Lackawanna, he was sent to the Dominican Republic to attack Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The majority of this group was bilingual and Hispanic. Fortunately, they did not have to attack Cuba because Khrushchev pulled the missiles out of Cuba. Después de volver a Lackawanna, él fue mandado a la República Dominicana para atacar a Cuba durante la crisis de los misiles en Cuba. La mayoría de este grupo fue bilingüe e hispana. Afortunadamente, ellos no tuvieron que atacar a Cuba porque Khrushchev sacó los misiles de Cuba. 1:07:27 - Tino receives orders to go to "chosen frozen" Tino was sent to Korea for one year. They received combat pay because it was a dangerous place. Tino fue mandado a Corea para un año. Ellos recibieron el pago de combate porque fue un lugar peligroso. 1:09:20 - 1964 orders to go to Vietnam Tino was sent to Vietnam. He heard horror stories that many soldiers before him died because the Vietnamese were waiting for them. They then turned into an air cavalry. Tino fue mandado a Vietnam. Él escuchó las historias de horror que muchos soldados murieron porque los vietnamitas los esperaban. Ellos se convirtieron en un calvario de aire. 1:10:10 - Tino did not go to Vietnam Tino never went to Vietnam because he only had three months left in his service, so his company commander did not send him to Vietnam to only send him back in three months. Tino joined a boxing league while he finished up his service. He returned to Lackawanna shortly after. Tino nunca fue a Vietnam porque solo le faltaban tres meses de servicio, entonces su comandante de compañía no le mandó a Vietnam porque tenía que mandarle a los EEUU en tres meses. Tino se unió a una liga de boxeo mientras que él terminaba su servicio. Él volvió a Lackawanna después de muy poco tiempo. 1:11:58 - Came back to L.A. �Tino came back to Lackawanna and got his job back at Bethlehem Steel. Even though he was doing well at work, he was still active in the community. Members from the University at Buffalo heard about his commitment to the Hispanic community and encouraged him to apply to the university under the G.I. Bill. Tino took their advice and got his bachelor’s degree in sociology. He then was offered a job from the city to work with minority groups, specifically to help prepare them for construction jobs. Tino volvió a Lackawanna y recogió su trabajo a Bethlehem Steel. Aunque él andaba bien al trabajo, él todavía estaba activo en la comunidad. Unos miembros de la Universidad a Búfalo aprendió sobre su compromiso a la comunidad hispana y le animaron a solicitar a la universidad bajo del programa del G.I. Bill. Tino tomó sus consejos y recibió su licenciatura en la sociología. Después él fue ofrecido un puesto de la ciudad para trabajar con las minorías, específicamente con la preparación de los empleos entrando en la construcción. 1:17:25 - Fighting gets Tino a new job Tino gets a call from the civil service department and interviews for a vocational rehabilitation counselor job. The man who interviewed him recognized him as a former boxer. Tino was qualified for the job because of his experience; however, he thought perhaps he got the job because of his fighting experience. Tino recibe una llamada del departamento de servicio civil y entrevista para un puesto de consejero de rehabilitación de vocación. El hombre que lo entrevistó, lo reconoció como un boxeador anterior. Tino tuvo los requisitos para el trabajo por su experiencia, pero, pensó que recibió el puesto por su experiencia de boxeo. 1:22:35 - Full time student and a worker Tino would work while he was in school. His employer allowed him to do this because the more education he received the better off the agency would be. He was never given free time, he made up his work in the evenings and on the weekends. Tino trabajaba mientras estaba estudiando. Su empleador le permitió que lo hiciera porque la más educación que recibiera lo mejor era la agencia. Él nunca tuvo tiempo libre, él hizo su trabajo durante las noches y los fines de semana cuando le faltó el tiempo al trabajo. �1:27:09 - Let's make a Latin Quarter in Buffalo Tino met with the presidents of the Puerto Rican, Mexican and Spanish clubs to see if they would unite to make a Latin Quarter like in New York City. The three presidents could not agree and the project never took place. Tino se juntó con los presidentes de los clubes puertorriqueño, mexicano y español para averiguar si ellos podían unirse y hacer un Cuarto Latino como en la Ciudad de Nueva York. Los tres presidentes no pudieron ponerse de acuerdo y el proyecto nunca se realizó. 1:30:19 - We need a lot of work Tino describes the need to make a unified Hispanic community in Western New York. Tino explica la necesidad de hacer una comunidad hispana unida en Western New York. 1:35:26 - Mexicans are hard workers There are six or seven generations of Mexicans in the area. Many were educated and successful but left for other opportunities. They were part of the economic growth of Lackawanna. Hay seis o siete generaciones de mexicanos en el área. Muchos fueron educados y tuvieron éxito pero se fueron para otras oportunidades. Ellos eran parte del aumento económico de Lackawanna. 1:37:56 - Community organization experience helps Tino start Hispanics United of Buffalo Tino explains how his work within the community helped him pool together an organization dedicated to the Hispanic community. He joined forces with academics from UB to put together a committee to find funding for this organization. Tino explica cómo su trabajo dentro de la comunidad lo ayudó a juntar una organización dedicada a la comunidad hispana. Él se unió las fuerzas con unos académicos de UB para juntar un comité para buscar fondos para el inicio de la organización. 1:44:03 - HUB continued �Tino continues explaining how the original committee decided on what to call the organization. They finally agreed on the Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. They received more than $150,000 to start the organization. Tino sigue explicando cómo el comité original decidió lo que llamaba la organización. Finalmente se pusieron de acuerdo con el nombre de Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. Ellos recibieron más que $150,000 para empezar la organización. 1:47:40 - The Hispanic has given so much to the community of Western New York Tino feels that Hispanics have really contributed to the Western New York and New York State communities. Even though there is a need for additional support, the Hispanic people have really helped our economy grow. Tino siente que los hispanos de verdad han contribuido mucho a las comunidades en Western New York y el estado de Nueva York. Aunque todavía hay mucho más trabajo que hacer en la comunidad, los hispanos han ayudado crecer la economía. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Lackawanna Public Library Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 2:01:05 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview <p class="normal"><strong>1:04 - Mexicans are hard workers      </strong></p> <p class="normal">Mexicans are hard workers. Just like other migrant groups of the past, Mexicans came to the United States looking for better opportunities. They, like so many other migrant groups, leave their countries because of governmental corruption and other crimes against their people. Despite having its own problem, the United States is a much better environment for migrants.                     </p> <p class="normal">Los mexicanos son trabajadores fuertes. Como otros grupos de migrantes del pasado, los mexicanos vinieron a los Estados Unidos en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades. Ellos, como tantos otros grupos de migrantes, se fueron de sus países por la corrupción gubernamental y otros delitos contra de su gente. A pesar de tener sus propios problemas, los Estados Unidos tienen un mejor ambiente para los migrantes.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>4:31 - Tino was born in Michoacán, México</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino was born in the southwest of Mexico in the state of Michoacán. Tino describes the climate and landscape of Michoacán, Mexico.   </p> <p class="normal">Tino nació en la parte suroeste de México en el estado de Michoacán. Tino describe el clima y el paisaje de Michoacán, México.<br />                                                                     <br /><strong>5:40 - Many Mexicans acquire land after the Mexican Revolution</strong></p> <p class="normal">After the Revolution, many Mexicans were able to acquire land. </p> <p class="normal">Después de la revolución mexicana, muchos mexicanos consiguieron tierra.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>6:31 - Tino's family had the means to travel to the US</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino’s father and grandfather owned tractors signifying that they had means. Because of this wealth, Tino was able to get a passport, which made it easier for him to come to the United States. They originally had no intention of coming to the United States permanently. His family traveled between the U.S. and Mexico frequently. If you had a passport, it was easy to apply for residency in the southwest.                                </p> <p class="normal">El padre y el abuelo de Tino tuvieron sus propios tractores y eso significó que tuvieron dinero. Por esta riqueza, Tino consiguió un pasaporte, lo cual, le hizo más fácil la entrada a los Estados Unidos. Originalmente, ellos no tuvieron the intención de quedarse permanentemente en los Estados Unidos. Su familia viajaba entre los EEUU y México con frecuencia. Si tuviera un pasaporte, era muy fácil a pedir residencia en el suroeste.                                            </p> <p class="normal"><strong>7:23 - Family troubles</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino’s parents started to have problems. His father got married in California, USA. The woman came to look for him back in Mexico. Tino’s mother took the kids to Mexico City where they had relatives. They lived there and went to school there. It was a huge change for them since they were from a very small town in Michoacán. Tino talks about the dangers of growing up in rural Mexico and living with the wildlife. He tells this story to make a comparison to what he experiences in Mexico City.        </p> <p class="normal">Los padres de Tino empezaron a tener problemas con su relación. Su padre se casó con otra mujer en California, EEUU. La mujer vino a buscar su padre en México. Después la madre de Tino llevó sus hijos al Distrito Federal (la Ciudad de México) donde ya tenía familia. Ellos vivieron ahí y asistieron a la escuela. Ese era un gran cambio para ellos porque vinieron de un pueblito en Michoacán. Tino explica los peligros de criarse en la parte rural de México y como vivir con su fauna. Él cuenta esta historia para hacer una comparación con lo que él experimenta en el D.F.                </p> <p class="normal"><strong>9:48 - The wild wild west was dangerous</strong></p> <p class="normal">The wild, wild, west was very dangerous. Everyone ran around with pistols. There was no electricity, so you had to be extra careful. He explains the limited resources that were available to light a home and to allow people to cook. You had to look for a specific type of wood that was incredible. You didn't need a phone because you could yell and everyone would hear you. You could hear the violence taking place in the region. There were no police officers; therefore people could live without laws.            </p> <p class="normal">El "wild, wild, west" fue muy peligroso. Todo el mundo tuvo pistolas. No hubo corriente, entonces uno tuvo que ser muy cuidadoso. Él explica los límites de los recursos disponibles para encender un hogar y para dar fuego al cocinar. Uno tuvo que buscar un cierto tipo de madera incendiaria. No se necesitó un teléfono porque se pudo gritar y todo el mundo se lo hubiera oído. Se pudo oír la violencia que tomó lugar en la región. No hubo la policía, entonces la gente se pudo vivir sin leyes.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>13:30 - Tino's mother meets a man from Laredo, Texas       </strong></p> <p class="normal">His grandmother had family in Laredo. They renewed their passports so they could go back and forth between Mexico and the United States. Tino’s mother met a man who had relatives in Buffalo.                 </p> <p class="normal">Su abuela tuvo familia en Laredo, Texas. Ellos renovaron sus pasaportes para que pudieran viajar entre México y los EEUU. La madre de Tino conoció a un hombre que tuvo parientes en Búfalo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>15:59 - Why is this man marrying my mother?   </strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino’s mother was very young when he was born. He says they "grew up together". There were 6 children in the family. Tino didn't quite understand why this new man wanted to marry his mother with 6 children. He feared that the man was going to send them to the US and make them work or buy insurance policies and kill them each off.  He was very skeptical of this new man. He admitted that his mother was very pretty.             </p> <p class="normal">La madre de Tino era muy joven cuando él nació. Él dice que ellos "se criaron juntos". Hubo 6 hijos en la familia. Tino no entendió porque este nuevo hombre quiso casarse con su madre que ya tuvo 6 hijos. Él temió que el hombre los mandara a los EEUU y les hiciera trabajar o que él compara el seguro de vida para todos y matarlos uno por uno. Tino estuvo muy escéptico de este hombre. Eventualmente él admitió que su madre fue muy bonita.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>17:41 - Why does Tino want to come to the US?</strong></p> <p class="normal">It was easier for the family to immigrate since Tino’s mother was married to an American citizen. They completed all of the paperwork to legally immigrate. Tino had to speak with a female immigration officer. She asked him why he wanted to go to the United States. Tino responded that he didn't want to go and that it was his mother who wanted to immigrate. The officer was trying to figure out why the family was leaving Mexico. Tino didn't want to be a traitor to his country and explained that he had to go because his mother was.         </p> <p class="normal">Fue más fácil a emigrar desde que su madre se casó con un ciudadano estadounidense. Ellos llenaron todas las formas para la inmigración legal. Tino tuvo que hablar con una aduanera. Ella le preguntó porque él quiso ir a los Estados Unidos. Él respondió que no quiso ir pero tuvo que ir con su madre quien se casó con el hombre estadounidense y que ella quiso emigrar. Tino no quiso ser traidor a su país y se lo explicó a la aduanera.    </p> <p class="normal"><strong>21:22 - It was tough living in a crowded house</strong></p> <p class="normal">After immigrating they moved in with his mother´s mother-in-law. The house had pictures from the Mexican Revolution with guns larger than the man in the photos. Tino explains that it is difficult to live with them for an extended period of time because there were so many of them. They felt like they were always in the way.   </p> <p class="normal">Después de emigrar, ellos se mudaron a la casa de la suegra de la madre de Tino. La casa tuvo fotos de la revolución mexicana con armas más grandes que los hombres en las fotos. Tino explica que después de un poco de tiempo volvió a ser difícil de vivir en la casa porque hubo tanta gente. Ellos se sintieron que les molestaron porque siempre ocuparon el mismo espacio.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>22:40 - Tino is from New Mexico</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino went to school all by himself. Everyone thought he was from New Mexico. Tino just agreed politely.</p> <p class="normal">Tino asistió al primer día de escuela solito. Todo el mundo pensó que vino de Nuevo México. Tino se aportó sinceramente.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>23:05 - Almost got hit by cars in Mexico City</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino went to school by himself. He was still a young kid from a rural part of Mexico. He was not used to the traffic in Mexico City. He almost got hit by trucks because he wasn't used to so much traffic. His mother told him to take care of himself. The same thing happened when he arrived in the United States. He was sent to school on his own. There was also lots of traffic.              </p> <p class="normal">Tino asistió a la escuela solito. Él era jovencito de una parte rural de México. No estaba acostumbrado a la circulación en el D.F. Él casi se chocó con unos camiones porque no estaba acostumbrado a tanta circulación. Su madre le dijo que se cuidara en camino a la escuela. Lo mismo pasó cuando llegó en los EEUU. Su madre le mandó a la escuela solito. Otra vez hubo mucha circulación.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>24:05 – Where are the buildings?</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino thought that all of New York State was like New York City.          </p> <p class="normal">Tino pensó que todo el estado de Nueva York fue como la ciudad de Nueva York.                      </p> <p class="normal"><strong>24:25 - Dust equals progress</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino learns that the dust and smoke hanging over Lackawanna equates to success. People were happy with the pollution because it meant that people were working.                            </p> <p class="normal">Tino aprende que el polvo y el humo encima de Lackawanna significa el éxito. La gente estuvo feliz con la polución porque quiso decir que la gente trabajaba.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>25:10 – The nice guy learns English and a few other valuable lessons</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino was in very good shape. He was a boxer when he was younger. Because of this, he was very disciplined, dressed nicely and always had a friendly personality. At first he didn't understand English but quickly learned when people started talking to him. He found learning English to be very easy because there were a lot of similarities between it and Spanish, as well as with Latin and other languages he could understand. It took him about 3 months to learn English. He knew he understood it well because he started to dream in English. Tino felt very comfortable in his community and speaking with people in the community. He also maintained his ability to speak Spanish because there were so many Spanish speaking members in the community.              </p> <p class="normal">Tino siempre estaba en buena forma. Él era boxeador cuando era joven. Por eso, él tenía buena disciplina, se vestía bien y siempre era amable. Al principio, no entendió el inglés pero rápidamente lo aprendió cuando mucha gente empezó a hablarle. Él descubrió que al aprender el inglés no sería tan difícil por las semejanzas entre el español y el inglés, tanto como con el latín y otros idiomas que pudo entender. No lo tomó más que tres meses para entender bien el inglés. Supo que lo entendió cuando una noche soñó completamente en inglés. Tino se sintió muy cómodo en su comunidad, especialmente hablando con la gente en la comunidad. Él también mantuvo su capacidad de hablar en español porque hubo una grande población de hispanohablantes de distintos lugares.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>29:04 - Lackawanna is the city of the United Nations</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino found that living in Lackawanna had its benefits because it was an amalgam of different cultures. Everyone was there for the same things. Lackawanna was called the "City of the United Nations. The migrants who settled there came specifically to work in industry (Bethlehem Steel) or other places of employment of the same nature. It was easy for newcomers to live there because of the diversity and the similar lifestyles they were all living.</p> <p class="normal">Tino encontró que hubo muchos beneficios en la vivienda en Lackawanna porque fue una amalgama de culturas distintas. Todo el mundo estuvo ahí para las mismas razones. Se llamó Lackawanna "la Ciudad de las Naciones Unidas". Los migrantes que hicieron la vivienda ahí, vinieron específicamente para trabajar en la industria (Bethlehem Steel) o en otros lugares de empleo de la misma manera. Era fácil vivir ahí para los nuevos llegados por la diversidad y las viviendas semejantes que todo el mundo vivía.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>29:51 - Fiesta Patriotica celebrates Mexican festivities</strong></p> <p class="normal">The Mexican Club was established in the 1930s (1935 or 1937) solely for the purpose of celebrating Mexican holidays. They were also called the Fiesta Patriótica.</p> <p class="normal">El Club Social Mexicano fue establecido en los años 30. (1935 o 1937) solamente por el propósito de festejar los feriados mexicanos. También se llamó la Fiesta Patriótica.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>31:07 - Tino's family never went on welfare</strong></p> <p class="normal">No one used the word "welfare" in terms of social benefits. At first, Tino didn´t realized what the word meant in those terms since there were venues such as the Spanish Welfare Association, which actually was a social venue. Tino’s family never went on welfare even when his stepfather was unemployed. There was some relief available to people who needed extra help. They received rations of butter, flour, beans and cheese; however they never relied on social benefits to survive.</p> <p class="normal">Nadie usó la palabra "welfare" en los términos de los beneficios sociales. Al principio, Tino no se dio cuenta del sentido de esos términos porque hubo lugares como la Asociación Social Español (confirma esta traducción), la cual actualmente era un lugar social. La familia de Tino nunca pidió ayuda de los servicios sociales aun cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado. Hubo un poco de asistencia a la gente que la necesitó. Ellos recibieron raciones de manteca, harina, frijoles y queso, pero ellos nunca confiaron solamente en los beneficios sociales para sobrevivir.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>32:37 - Mom starts a specialty Mexican store but misses a huge opportunity</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino’s grandfather gave his mother some money to start a store called Garcia´s Grocery Store. She owned the first business to sell Mexican ingredients. People would travel from Canada to purchase these ingredients. Before this, you had to go to Detroit to get authentic Mexican products. She was offered the opportunity to be a distributor of Mexican products but decided to just run her own business. She lost out on a huge business since no one else was distributing Mexican products in the region.</p> <p class="normal">El abuelo de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para empezar una tienda que se llamó Garcia’s Grocery Store. Ella fue dueña del primer negocio que vendió ingredientes mexicanos. La gente de Canadá viajó a Búfalo para comprar los ingredientes. Antes de este momento se tuvo que ir a Detroit para encontrar los productos mexicanos auténticos. Ella estaba ofrecida la oportunidad de distribuir los productos mexicanos pero decidió que quiso manejar su propio negocio. Ella perdió una buena oportunidad porque nadie distribuía este tipo de producto en la región.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>34:10 - Mom buys a farm in Eden</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino’s father gave his mother some money to start the store. His mother then purchased 72 acres and started a farm in Eden, NY in 1960. The land had a house and a barn and only cost $19,500. She put down a down payment and paid a very low mortgage.                                </p> <p class="normal">El padre de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para que abriera la tienda. Luego, su madre compró un pedazo de tierra de 72 acres y empezó una granja en Eden, NY en el año 1960. La tierra tuvo una casa y un granero y solo le cobró $29,500. Ella puso una entrega y después pagó una hipoteca muy baja.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>35:11 - Everyone would work</strong></p> <p class="normal">The family lived on 211 Ingam Avenue above the store. Tino’s mom and brother worked in the store and his stepfather worked at Bethlehem Steel. His stepfather still had family in Laredo so they traveled back and forth every year. They owned property in Buffalo and everyone was working so they were never in need of governmental assistance. Even during the strike, when his stepfather was laid off, there was plenty of support within the family. They did not need to reach out for relief.                    </p> <p class="normal">La familia vivió a 211 Avenida Ingam encima de la tienda. La madre de Tino y su hermano trabajaron a la tienda y su padrastro trabajó a Bethlehem Steel. Su padrastro todavía tuvo familia en Laredo entonces la familia viajó entre Laredo y Búfalo cada año. Ellos fueron dueños de la propiedad en Búfalo y todo el mundo en la familia trabajaba, entonces nunca necesitaron la asistencia del gobierno. Aun durante la huelga, cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado, se soportaron dentro de la familia. No necesitaron buscar ayuda.                                           </p> <p class="normal"><strong>36:48 - The Spanish Club threw an Independence Day Festivity for Mexicans</strong></p> <p class="normal">The Spanish Club threw Mexican Independence Day celebrations. Tino finds this hilarious because the celebration is to commemorate Mexico gaining its independence from Spain and the Spanish Club is the one hosting it.</p> <p class="normal">El Club Español dio una celebración para el Día de Independencia en México. Tino lo encuentro histérico porque la celebración es para conmemorar la independencia de México de España y aquí tenemos el Club Español acogiendo la celebración.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>37:15 - In 1947 the Centro Social Mexicano of Western New York was incorporated</strong></p> <p class="normal">The Mexican Club officially started in 1947. It was officially called the Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. People would come from various parts of New York and Canada.</p> <p class="normal">El Club Mexicano oficialmente empezó en el año 1947. Oficialmente se lo llamó el Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. La gente vino de varias partes de Nueva York y Canadá.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>38:07 - An honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo</strong></p> <p class="normal">There was an honorary Mexican Council here in Buffalo. A man with the last name Russell came from Germany but lived in Mexico for many years conducting business. He then relocated to Buffalo, NY. Because of the diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, they set up an honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo. He was put in charge of it.    </p> <p class="normal">Hubo un Consejo Mexicano honorado aquí en Búfalo. Un hombre con el apellido de Russell vino de Alemania pero vivió en México por muchos años haciendo negocios. Después se mudó a Búfalo, NY. Por las relaciones diplomáticas entre los EEUU y México, ellos iniciaron un Consejo Mexicano honorado en Búfalo. Él fue puesto encargado de este Consejo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>39:36 - Started his social work career at a very young age as an interpreter</strong></p> <p class="normal">People would come to Tino for help translating at places such as Social Services. Hospitals, schools, etc. They knew he was bilingual. This is how he became interested in pursuing a career in social work.              </p> <p class="normal">Mucha gente vino a Tino pidiéndole ayuda en lugares como a los Servicios Sociales, los hospitales, las escuelas, etc. Ellos supieron que él era bilingüe. Este es como a él empezó a interesarse la idea de perseguir una carrera en la asistencia social.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>40:33 - There were a lot of jobs</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino explains his first working experiences in Buffalo. He started off in a restaurant and then ended up at Buffalo Break Beam making $7/hr, which, at the time was a lot of money. Buffalo Break Beam was a busy national factory which made tired hand breaks for trains. Tino looked at work as a way to exercise and make money, so he was always willing to work hard.</p> <p class="normal">Tino explica sus primeras experiencias con el trabajo en Búfalo. Él empezó trabajando en un restaurante y luego encontró trabajo en Búfalo Break Beam ganando $7/hra, lo cual en esta época era mucho. Búfalo Break Beam era una fábrica nacional concurrida la cual hacía los frenos de mano para los ferrocarriles. Tino vio el trabajo como manera de hacer los ejercicios y ganar dinero, entonces, siempre tuvo ganas de trabajar duro.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>43:22 - Learns the meaning of "DP"</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino learns what the word "displaced person" means. His mother thought maybe they were displaced people but they never went through war and horrible crises in their home country. They never had to "dodge bullets".</p> <p class="normal">Tino aprende lo que quería decir la palabra "persona desplazada". Su madre pensó que quizás ellos fueron desplazados pero ellos nunca vivieron por una guerra en sus países natales. Ellos nunca tuvieron que "esquivar las balas".</p> <p class="normal"><strong>44:22 - There were various employment opportunities in Western New York</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino explains that there were different employment opportunities--not just farms and industry. He explains the different positions he had and how he was always working since a young age.              </p> <p class="normal">Tino explica que hubo oportunidades diferentes para empleo--no solamente en las granjas y la industria. Él describe los puestos diferentes que tenía y como él siempre estaba trabajando desde una edad joven.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>45:16 - Tino gets a job with Bethlehem Steel</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino meets a connection to his future job at Bethlehem Steel. Mr. Miller offered him a job at Bethlehem Steel--asking if he is ready for work. Gave him a contact name at the plant. Shortly after Tino was hired to work in the structural shipping department. Bethlehem Steel had a union and paid a better salary.       </p> <p class="normal">Tino conoce a un vínculo a su trabajo futuro a Bethlehem Steel. Sr. Miller le ofreció un puesto a Bethlehem Steel--preguntándole si estaba listo para trabajar. Él dio un nombre de contacto a la planta. Muy poco después fue contratado para trabajar en el departamento de envio estructural. Bethlehem Steel tuvo una unión y pagó un salario mejor. </p> <p class="normal"><strong>47:40 - Mexicans are hard workers</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino believes that Mexicans are hard workers. They are willing to do whatever they need to in order to make money--as long as it is legal. They believe in helping one another and succeeding.                </p> <p class="normal">Tino cree que los mexicanos son buenos trabajadores. Ellos están dispuestos a hacer lo que sea necesario para ganar dinero--con tal de que sea legal. Ellos creen que hay que ayudar a los otros para tener éxito.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>48:29 - Never knew what it was to pay medical bills</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino was a very healthy man who rarely went to the doctors. Despite not needing the services, he felt assured that he was lucky enough to have coverage in case something did happen. He expresses his concern for current health care discussions and the people who wish to cut social services. He feels it is necessary to have these services so people don't resort to violence to obtain their basic needs. </p> <p class="normal">Tino era un hombre muy saludable y casi nunca fue al médico. A pesar de no necesitar los servicios, se sentía asegurado que tuvo mucha suerte tener el seguro por la casualidad de que algo le pasara. Él explica su preocupación para los debates sobre el sistema de salud hoy en día. Él siente que es necesario que se tengan estos servicios para que la gente no recurra a la violencia para obtener las necesidades básicas.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>49:28 - Drafted into the military even though he was not a U.S. citizen</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino received a letter from the U.S. government informing him that he was drafted into the military. He tried to explain that he cannot go because of his family and because he was sending money to his grandmother. The man told him he had to go because his country needs him even though he only had a green card. He was told he had all of the same rights as a U.S. citizen except he cannot vote. They threatened to send him back to Mexico if he did not serve. Tino served.</p> <p class="normal">Tino recibió una carta del gobierno estadounidense al informarle que fue reclutado al ejército. Él trató de explicar que no pudo servir porque su familia lo necesitaba y porque le mandaba dinero a su abuela. El hombre le dijo que tuvo que ir porque su país lo necesita aunque solamente tuvo una carta verde. Se le dijo que tuvo todos los mismos derechos que un ciudadano estadounidense menos el voto. Ellos amenazaron con enviarlo de vuelta a México si no sirve. Tino sirvió.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>51:36 - Sent grandma whatever he could</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino sent money to his grandmother in Laredo whenever he could. He even sent her money while he was serving in the military. He explains that it was easier for him to send a money order while he was in the military because they were cheaper.      </p> <p class="normal">Le mandó dinero a su abuela en Laredo cuando pudo. Él aún le mandó dinero cuando servía en el ejército. Él explica que fue más fácil para mandar un giro postal mientras que estaba en el ejército porque era más barato.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>52:22 - African Americans have had it the worst</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino describes the group of people who served with him during basic training in South Carolina. He specifically remembers a particularly discriminatory moment with James Moore, an African American, when they went to Columbus, South Carolina. The waitress told Moore that they have a policy that states they don't serve "colored people". Moore was very polite and peacefully walked out. All of the soldiers who accompanied him to dinner also got up and left with him. One gentleman decided to share his thoughts, which included many insults to how racist southerners were. Moore was grateful for their support. </p> <p class="normal">Tino describe un grupo de gente con quien sirvió él durante la formación básica en South Carolina. Él específicamente recuerda un momento lo que fue particularmente discriminatorio con James Moore, un americano africano, cuando ellos fueron a Columbus, South Carolina. La mesera le dijo a Moore que el restaurante tiene una regla que dice que no sirve a la "gente colorada". Moore respondió con cortés y pacíficamente se fue del restaurante. Todos los soldados que lo acompañaban a la cena también se levantaron y se fueron con él. Un caballero decidió que quiso compartir sus sentimientos, los cuales incluyeron muchos insultos como los del sur son racistas. Moore estaba agradecido por su apoyo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>56:06 - You must know your serial number to leave the base</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino went to request a leave for the evening but could not remember his serial number. He was not allowed to leave until he could remember it. He didn't think it was important.</p> <p class="normal">Tino fue a pedir una salida para una noche pero no pudo recordar su número de serial. No obtuvo el permiso de irse hasta que él pudiera recordar su número de serial. Él no pensó que fuera importante.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>57:39 - You can't come in because you are Puerto Rican</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino and his friend Jose Robles were not allowed to enter the Rooster because Jose was Puerto Rican. They allowed Tino to enter, but once they realized that Jose was Puerto Rican they said he couldn't enter. Tino went back to see why they wouldn't let Jose in, they told him he couldn't come in because he was Puerto Rican. A group of Puerto Ricans from a different training site broke a bunch of windows and destroyed part of the bar in a bar fight the night before. They thought Tino and Jose were part of the same group. Eventually the two were allowed to enter.</p> <p class="normal">Tino y su amigo José Robles no estaban permitidos a entrar al Rooster porque José era puertorriqueño. Le permitieron que Tino entrara, pero cuando se dieron cuenta que José era puertorriqueño, le dijeron que no pudo entrar. Tino regresó para averiguar porque no le permitieron que José entrara, le dijeron que él no pudo entrar porque era puertorriqueño. Un grupo de puertorriqueños de otro sitio de formación rompió unas ventanas y destruyeron una parte del bar en una lucha la noche anterior. Ellos pensaron que Tino y José eran parte del mismo grupo. Eventualmente, se permitieron entrar a José y Tino.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:00:04 - You can only buy a pitcher of beer</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino went to another bar that night to order a beer. They could only buy pitchers, so he and Jose bought a pitcher. A man in the bar told Tino that he needed to buy him a drink. He thought he was kidding since they had to buy them in pitchers. The man waited and finally confronted him because Tino didn't buy him one because he didn't want to be forced into buying one for a stranger. The man got mad and picked a fight with him. The police eventually came and told them to make peace or get arrested. Tino was fearless.   </p> <p class="normal">Tino fue a otro bar esta misma noche para pedir una cerveza. Ellos pudieron solamente comprarla en jarras, entonces él y José compraron una jarra. Un hombre en el bar le dijo a Tino que él tuviera que comprarlo una bebida. Él pensó que estaba bromeando porque solo pudieron comprar las cervezas en jarras. El hombre esperó y finalmente se enfrentó a Tino porque él no lo compró una cerveza porque él no quiso ser forzado a comprar una cerveza para un extranjero. El hombre se puso muy enojado y empezó una pelea con Tino. Eventualmente la policía vino y les dijo que hubiera que hacer la paz o ser detenido. Tino no tuvo miedo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:05:14 - Tino is sent to the Dominican Republic during the Cuban Missile Crisis</strong></p> <p class="normal">After returning to Lackawanna, he was sent to the Dominican Republic to attack Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The majority of this group was bilingual and Hispanic. Fortunately, they did not have to attack Cuba because Khrushchev pulled the missiles out of Cuba.</p> <p class="normal">Después de volver a Lackawanna, él fue mandado a la República Dominicana para atacar a Cuba durante la crisis de los misiles en Cuba. La mayoría de este grupo fue bilingüe e hispana. Afortunadamente, ellos no tuvieron que atacar a Cuba porque Khrushchev sacó los misiles de Cuba.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:07:27 - Tino receives orders to go to "chosen frozen"</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino was sent to Korea for one year. They received combat pay because it was a dangerous place.   </p> <p class="normal">Tino fue mandado a Corea para un año. Ellos recibieron el pago de combate porque fue un lugar peligroso.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:09:20 - 1964 orders to go to Vietnam</strong><br /><br /> Tino was sent to Vietnam. He heard horror stories that many soldiers before him died because the Vietnamese were waiting for them. They then turned into an air cavalry. </p> <p class="normal">Tino fue mandado a Vietnam. Él escuchó las historias de horror que muchos soldados murieron porque los vietnamitas los esperaban. Ellos se convirtieron en un calvario de aire.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:10:10 - Tino did not go to Vietnam</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino never went to Vietnam because he only had three months left in his service, so his company commander did not send him to Vietnam to only send him back in three months. Tino joined a boxing league while he finished up his service. He returned to Lackawanna shortly after.   </p> <p class="normal">Tino nunca fue a Vietnam porque solo le faltaban tres meses de servicio, entonces su comandante de compañía no le mandó a Vietnam porque tenía que mandarle a los EEUU en tres meses. Tino se unió a una liga de boxeo mientras que él terminaba su servicio. Él volvió a Lackawanna después de muy poco tiempo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:11:58 - Came back to L.A.</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino came back to Lackawanna and got his job back at Bethlehem Steel. Even though he was doing well at work, he was still active in the community. Members from the University at Buffalo heard about his commitment to the Hispanic community and encouraged him to apply to the university under the G.I. Bill. Tino took their advice and got his bachelor’s degree in sociology. He then was offered a job from the city to work with minority groups, specifically to help prepare them for construction jobs.  </p> <p class="normal">Tino volvió a Lackawanna y recogió su trabajo a Bethlehem Steel. Aunque él andaba bien al trabajo, él todavía estaba activo en la comunidad. Unos miembros de la Universidad a Búfalo aprendió sobre su compromiso a la comunidad hispana y le animaron a solicitar a la universidad bajo del programa del G.I. Bill. Tino tomó sus consejos y recibió su licenciatura en la sociología. Después él fue ofrecido un puesto de la ciudad para trabajar con las minorías, específicamente con la preparación de los empleos entrando en la construcción.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:17:25 - Fighting gets Tino a new job</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino gets a call from the civil service department and interviews for a vocational rehabilitation counselor job. The man who interviewed him recognized him as a former boxer. Tino was qualified for the job because of his experience; however, he thought perhaps he got the job because of his fighting experience.      </p> <p class="normal">Tino recibe una llamada del departamento de servicio civil y entrevista para un puesto de consejero de rehabilitación de vocación. El hombre que lo entrevistó, lo reconoció como un boxeador anterior. Tino tuvo los requisitos para el trabajo por su experiencia, pero, pensó que recibió el puesto por su experiencia de boxeo.            </p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:22:35 - Full time student and a worker</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino would work while he was in school. His employer allowed him to do this because the more education he received the better off the agency would be. He was never given free time, he made up his work in the evenings and on the weekends.     </p> <p class="normal">Tino trabajaba mientras estaba estudiando. Su empleador le permitió que lo hiciera porque la más educación que recibiera lo mejor era la agencia. Él nunca tuvo tiempo libre, él hizo su trabajo durante las noches y los fines de semana cuando le faltó el tiempo al trabajo.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:27:09 - Let's make a Latin Quarter in Buffalo</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino met with the presidents of the Puerto Rican, Mexican and Spanish clubs to see if they would unite to make a Latin Quarter like in New York City. The three presidents could not agree and the project never took place.   </p> <p class="normal">Tino se juntó con los presidentes de los clubes puertorriqueño, mexicano y español para averiguar si ellos podían unirse y hacer un Cuarto Latino como en la Ciudad de Nueva York. Los tres presidentes no pudieron ponerse de acuerdo y el proyecto nunca se realizó.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:30:19 - We need a lot of work  </strong>   </p> <p class="normal">Tino describes the need to make a unified Hispanic community in Western New York.</p> <p class="normal">Tino explica la necesidad de hacer una comunidad hispana unida en Western New York.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:35:26 - Mexicans are hard workers     </strong></p> <p class="normal">There are six or seven generations of Mexicans in the area. Many were educated and successful but left for other opportunities. They were part of the economic growth of Lackawanna.         </p> <p class="normal">Hay seis o siete generaciones de mexicanos en el área. Muchos fueron educados y tuvieron éxito pero se fueron para otras oportunidades. Ellos eran parte del aumento económico de Lackawanna.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:37:56 - Community organization experience helps Tino start Hispanics United of Buffalo</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino explains how his work within the community helped him pool together an organization dedicated to the Hispanic community. He joined forces with academics from UB to put together a committee to find funding for this organization.</p> <p class="normal">Tino explica cómo su trabajo dentro de la comunidad lo ayudó a juntar una organización dedicada a la comunidad hispana. Él se unió las fuerzas con unos académicos de UB para juntar un comité para buscar fondos para el inicio de la organización.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:44:03 - HUB continued</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino continues explaining how the original committee decided on what to call the organization. They finally agreed on the Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. They received more than $150,000 to start the organization. </p> <p class="normal">Tino sigue explicando cómo el comité original decidió lo que llamaba la organización. Finalmente se pusieron de acuerdo con el nombre de Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. Ellos recibieron más que $150,000 para empezar la organización.</p> <p class="normal"><strong>1:47:40 - The Hispanic has given so much to the community of Western New York</strong></p> <p class="normal">Tino feels that Hispanics have really contributed to the Western New York and New York State communities. Even though there is a need for additional support, the Hispanic people have really helped our economy grow.</p> <p class="normal">Tino siente que los hispanos de verdad han contribuido mucho a las comunidades en Western New York y el estado de Nueva York. Aunque todavía hay mucho más trabajo que hacer en la comunidad, los hispanos han ayudado crecer la economía.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juventino Mejia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Juventino Mejia (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Juventino Mejia was conducted on August 2, 2012 by Stephanie Bucalo at the Lackawanna Public Library on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. Juventino was born in the state of Michoacán, México and migrated to the United States, first to Laredo, Texas, with his mother and then later to Buffalo where his mother joined her future husband. Juventino is a very charismatic storyteller. He begins his story back in México and the southwestern part of the United States where he depicts a lawless land and one where man must overcome the perilous nature surrounding him. Tino, short for Juventino, was fortunate enough to come from a family that had the means to obtain a passport and legal passage to the United States. Because of this advantage, Tino was able to complete his formal secondary education, was enlisted in the U.S. Army (even though he was not a U.S. citizen yet), obtained gainful employment, completed higher education under the G.I. Bill and later on became very active in the Hispanic community as an advocate for those who needed support. Despite that fact that Tino’s arrival was slightly easier than many others who arrived at this time, Tino’s family still faced the same challenges that other Hispanic families endured during this time period. They never went on welfare, but everyone in the house helped in any way they could. After serving in the Korean War, Juventino returned to Buffalo and began to pursue a degree and career in Social Work. He became very involved in the Hispanic community as an advocate and a founder of Hispanic based organizations. Tino was also a boxer and musician. Esta entrevista con Juventino Mejia fue conducida el 2 de agosto 2012 por Stephanie Bucalo a la Biblioteca Pública de Lackawanna en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Juventino nació en el estado de Michoacán, México y emigró a los Estados Unidos, primero a Laredo, Texas, con su madre y luego más tarde a Búfalo donde su madre se reunió con su nuevo esposo. Juventino cuenta su historia con mucho carisma. Él empieza su historia en México y el suroeste de los Estaos Unidos donde él pinta una tierra sin leyes y una donde el hombre tiene que superar lo peligroso de la tierra salvaje alrededor de él. Tino, corto para Juventino, fue bastante afortunado a venir de una familia que tenía los medios para obtener un pasaporte y pasaje legal a los Estados Unidos. Por esta ventaja, Tino cumplió su educación formal, se alistó al ejército estadounidense (Aunque ya no fue ciudadano estadounidense), obtuvo empleo retribuido, cumplió su título avanzado de la universidad bajo del G.I. Bill y más tarde se volvió muy activo en la comunidad hispana como un defensor para los que necesitan el apoyo. A pesar del hecho que la llegada de Tino era más fácil para él que a los demás que han llegado a ese tiempo, la familia de Tino sintió los mismos desafíos que las otras familias hispanas soportaron durante este periodo. Ellos nunca necesitaron la asistencia gubernamental, pero todo el mundo en la casa hicieron su parte para mantener una buena vida. Después de servir en la Guerra Coreana, Juventino volvió a Búfalo y empezó a perseguir un título y una carrera en el trabajo social. Él se puso muy activo en la comunidad hispana como defensor y un fundador de unas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad hispana. Tino también fue boxeador y músico. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-08-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Employment and Labor Migration Military https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/991e109304c73a99d035e46f2e9f380c.jpg 762b1cda5bf74fa0193d2e2db31be104 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/6bcaa204ea8a1e71ed63c67c70ee536e.jpg 627c27bf640a3d492e30cc30ee0054a1 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/9734f5604fb81589288d0885ca5ae5a3.jpg 9927459918beafb51b64efafba8bd21a https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/0beb1d872416937bea9ebe753a6a0069.jpg ea37628cf055c718435c8e8797c6161b https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/42334b22b2d3ad9eaa65a03d5510a098.jpg 7323ad936efd3afceaaf0866d61edfb7 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/5533d774e43d74d4c3d510932b345edc.jpg a9be06133b0a2d2bc86046d31d356b10 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/ef1c35adb72fcde0a7a5f5849bf127ca.jpg bff75ca2b88517e4e4df2f8be93c4e0f https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/1b0a1e1a009374ec760c4ccabaa27d41.jpg dc13e8f292203f1bd97ce55a9569d24f https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/86cdaf17d333a251264f3b8f4b678fbc.jpg 5ef2677358ff0bd1de94cc693d15c3b7 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/c1fad0665e9885ba3a213685f289ca0e.jpg 54fd1014ad063843c780d8c1bbafb630 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/80f14ac693acae3396b2b61429b3f1c3.jpg 318a9f441f1b7d7a0fc7db0c830b70fb https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/99cbc5f804e23a0f44824683a8fdbf1c.jpg 0e3e19f049caf14b5f36c118c5373012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Alternativa : Photo Album Description An account of the resource La Alternativa was a collaborative community organization that helped in the prevention of substance abuse with educational programs. It later became one of the three organizations that merged together to form what is today Hispanos Unidos de Búfalo on Virginia Street on the Lower West Side. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980s Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Building Community Involvement Leadership Organization Photo album https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/d2977bdb27246de1aa4ab9f99a63f2fa.jpg e12166ddd69bee89ace9b8d7af8748ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Mayagüesana Delicatessen Description An account of the resource La Mayagüesana Delicatessen, Jose Rullan – Proprietor – Circa 1965 – one of the first Latin American grocery stores to bring Spanish products to the early Puerto Rican/Migrant community. This business was located at 173 Ridge Road Lackawanna, NY. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Employment and Labor Hispanic Businesses https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/d3b43c979ac565973591c626792f3549.jpg 6bac8241b5d7124a00165dca39790af4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ladies Cursillo Movement Description An account of the resource Ladies Cursillo Movement de Colores - The Cursillo Movement was a pilgrimage to a place where parishioners could pray and get to strengthen their faith. This was a women's only group. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Building Catholic Church Community Involvement Los Cursillos Religion https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/d4ed5b2bc07f7c665860115cf399c8d2.pdf f76cb43afc2979789864d545e342f104 PDF Text Text Latin American & Caribbean Genealogy: Selected Sources in the Grosvenor Room Key * Buffalo Folio GRO Ref. Stacks WNYGS = Oversized book = In Buffalo Collection in Grosvenor Room = Very oversized book = In Grosvenor Room = Reference book, cannot be borrowed = In Closed Stacks, ask for retrieval = In collection of Western NY Genealogical Society 1 Grosvenor Room Buffalo and Erie County Public Library 1 Lafayette Square Buffalo, NY 14203-1887 (716) 858-8900 www.buffalolib.org Revised Jan 2014 �Table of Contents General How-To Guides................................................................................................. 3 Censuses ....................................................................................................................... 4 Church Records ............................................................................................................. 4 Databases ...................................................................................................................... 4 Heraldry and Crests ....................................................................................................... 5 Hispanic-American History in the Buffalo Area .............................................................. 5 Immigrants and Naturalizations ...................................................................................... 6 Local History File ............................................................................................................ 6 Maps, Atlases, Gazetteers ............................................................................................. 6 Miscellaneous Record and Family History Books .......................................................... 7 Names and Surnames.................................................................................................... 8 Rare Book Room ............................................................................................................ 8 Organizations ................................................................................................................. 8 Selected Websites.......................................................................................................... 9 Vertical File..................................................................................................................... 9 eLibrary: The Online Catalog of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library ................... 10 Where Else Can I Research Hispanic or Caribbean Heritage? .................................... 10 Introduction This guide is designed to assist persons researching Hispanic, Latino/Latina, and Caribbean ancestry in the Grosvenor Room of the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library. Genealogical handbooks, guides, manuals, indexes to record compilations, atlases, maps, gazetteers, surname directories, passenger lists, newspapers, and church records serve numerous purposes and can prove to be invaluable resources to all researchers, regardless of their level of expertise. Nearly everything listed here can be found in the Grosvenor Room (GRO). Material in the Grosvenor Room does not circulate and cannot be removed from the room. In a few cases, there are duplicate copies of these books that can be borrowed from the Central Non-fiction collection (NON-FICTION). Books are listed in call number order. Shelf locations are always subject to change. To view this and other subject guides online, use the following web address: http://www.buffalolib.org/content/grosvenor/guides-publications 2 �General How-To Guides GRO Ref. CS95 .D45 Platt, Lyman De Genealogical Historical Guide to Latin America Detroit, MI: Gale Research Co., ©1978 GRO Ref. CS102 .R97 2007 Ryskamp, George R. Finding Your Mexican Ancestors: A Beginner's Guide Provo, UT: Ancestry, ©2007 GRO Ref. CS222 .C36 1991 Carr, Peter E. Guide to Cuban Genealogical Research: Records and Sources Chicago, IL: Adams Press, ©1991 GRO Ref. CS242 .P67 1999 Porter, Stephen D. Jamaican Records: A Two Part Guide to Genealogical & Historical Research Using Repositories in Jamaica & England London: Stephen D. Porter, ©1999 GRO Ref. CS243 .M58 1998 Mitchell, Madeleine E. Jamaican Ancestry: How to Find Out More Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1998 GRO Ref. CS261 .B3 L36 2006 Lane, Geraldine Tracing Ancestors in Barbados: A Practical Guide Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Pub. Co., ©2006 GRO Ref. CS943 .R97 Ryskamp, George R. Finding Your Hispanic Roots Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., ©1997 Gro Ref. E18 .S32 1998 Schaefer, Christina K. Genealogical Encyclopedia of the Colonial Americas Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1998 E184 .M5 R97 1996 Ryskamp, George R. A Student's Guide to Mexican American Genealogy Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1996 GRO Ref. E184 .M5 S35 2002 Schmal, John P. Mexican-American Genealogical Research: Following the Paper Trail to Mexico Bowie, MD: Heritage Press, ©2002 GRO Ref. *E184 .S75 H563 1995 Byers, Paula K., ed. Hispanic American Genealogical Sourcebook New York: Gale Research, ©1995 3 �Censuses GRO Ref. CS95 .P56 Platt, Lyman De Census Records for Latin America and the Hispanic United States Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., ©1998 Church Records Below are the records of churches associated with Hispanics in Buffalo. Microfilm Number 283 Name and Address of Church Records/Years Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic 144 Edward St. Births 1849-1924 Marriages 1852-1946 Deaths 1877-1952 Databases http://www.buffalolib.org/content/research Name Description Records of more than 1 billion names. Includes city directories, 450 million U.S. Federal Census records between the years 1790 and 1930, immigration, vital, military, court, church and ethnic records. For records available for a particular country: click on the Search menu, select Card Catalog, and input the location name in the keyword field. Contains U.S. federal census records; a book collection containing local and family histories as well as genealogical records; the U.S. Serial Set; and genealogical and local history serials from the Periodical Source Index (PERSI). The bulk of Latin American and Caribbean (LA&C) content is in PERSI. To search for LA&C materials in PERSI, choose the Places search, select the Other Countries tab, and input the country or region name in the Country field. To find how-to articles on LA&C locations, choose the How-To search and input the location name in the Keywords field. 4 Access Available for walk-in users at every public library in Erie County. No at-home use. Available for walk-in users at every public library in Erie County. Also available from home with a valid Buffalo and Erie County Public Library card. Sign in at address above. �Heraldry and Crests Notes GRO *CR2142 .G3, 63 vols., lacking v. 57, 58 Garcia Carraffa, Alberto Enciclopedia Heraldica y Genealogica Hispano-Americana Madrid: Impr. De A. Marzo 1919- Lists over 15,000 names with their respective genealogical histories (including color illustrations of representative crests) of Spanish and SpanishAmerican families. Searchable for free at: Hispanic-American History in the Buffalo Area GRO Buffalo E184 .C97 K37 2006 Karman, Olga Scatter My Ashes Over Havana: A Memoir Los Angeles, CA: Pureplay Press, ©2006 GRO Buffalo *E184 .S75 M34 1996 M The Role of Language in the Perception of Ethnic Identity: The Case of the Buffalo Hispanic/Latino Community Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 1996 GRO Buffalo F129 .B8 L68 El Lower West Side: Estrategias para el Desarrollo Vecinal y Comunitario = The Lower West Side: Strategies for Neighborhood and Community Development Buffalo, NY: Urban Design Project, 1994 GRO Buffalo *F129 .B843 L697 1994 Rogovin, Milton Triptychs: Buffalo's Lower West Side Revisited New York: W.W. Norton, ©1994 GRO Buffalo *F129 .B89 S74 1988 Puerto Rican American Community Association, Inc. Needs Assessment Summary of the Hispanic Community, Buffalo, New York Buffalo, NY: The Association, [1988] GRO Buffalo *F1970.8 .B8 Buffalo (N.Y.). Public Schools. Division of Curriculum and Development Puerto Rican History and Culture; Twelfth Grade Elective [Buffalo, NY]: 1971 GRO Buffalo *HC107 .E74 S6 1993 Erie County's Hispanic Community: The Marketplace Buffalo, NY: Small Business Development Center, 1993 GRO Buffalo *HD6305 .M5 A76 Human Resources Institute, School of Management, SUNYAB An Assessment of the Employment Problems in the Erie County Hispanic Population and the Role of CETA [Buffalo, NY]: The Institute, 1982 GRO Buffalo *HV99 .B86 R4 1993 A Reporting of Community Needs Survey: Hispanic Women/Latinas of Erie County Buffalo, NY: The League, 1993 5 �Immigrants and Naturalizations GRO Ref. E184 .M5 S353 2006, 4 vols. Schmal, John P. Naturalizations of Mexican-Americans Westminster, MD: Heritage Press, ©2006 GRO E187.5 .E53 Emigrants from England, 1773-1776 Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1913 GRO E187.5 .G47 Ghirelli, Michael, transcriber A List of Emigrants from England to America, 1682-1692 Baltimore, MD: Magna Charta Book Co., 1968 GRO E187.5 .K3 Kaminkow, Jack and Marion, transcribers A List of Emigrants from England to America, 1718-1759 Baltimore MD: Magna Charta Book Co., 1964 GRO 187.5 .N5 Nicholson, Cregoe D.P. ; France, R. Sharpe, absts. Some early emigrants to America; … also, Early emigrants to America from Liverpool Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1965 GRO Ref. F1629 .S36 D63 1998 Dobson, David Scots in the West Indies, 1707-1857 Baltimore, MD: Clearfield, ©1998 Local History File This is a card index of newspaper and periodical articles about people, places, and things in the Buffalo area. In addition to looking up your family surnames, try these headings: Clubs. Puerto Rican Cubans in Buffalo Jamaicans in Buffalo Latin America Mexicans in Buffalo Puerto Ricans Spanish in Buffalo Maps, Atlases, Gazetteers Stacks G105 .U53 No. 38 United States. Office of Geography Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Other Islands and Banks in the Caribbean: Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names Washington, DC: [GPO?],1958 Stacks *G1550 .D5 1985 The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, ©1985 6 �Maps, Atlases, Gazetteers Stacks *G1630 .C7 1997 , Angel David Atlas Puerto Rico Miami, FL: Cuban American National Council, 1997 Stacks *F1765 .C3 Canet Alvarez, Gerardo A. Atlas de Cuba, por Gerardo Canet con la C Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1949 Stacks DEWEY COLL. 917.9 4W Gannett, Henry A Gazetteer of Porto Rico Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901 Miscellaneous Record and Family History Books Stacks CD3028 .P9 U6 Munden, Kenneth, comp. Records of the Bureau of Insular Affairs Relating to Puerto Rico, 1898-1934; a List of Selected Files Washington, DC: [National Archives], 1943 Stacks CS65 .U53 Roster of Troops Serving in the Department of Porto Rico, Commanded by Brigadier General George W. Davis, U.S. Volunteers San Juan, PR: Adjutant General's office, 1899 GRO CS261 .B3 B7 1983 Brandow, James C., comp. Genealogies of Barbados Families: From Caribbeana and The Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society Baltimore, MD: Clearfield Co., 1983 GRO Index Table E187.5 .H795 1880 Hotten, John Camden Our Early Emigrant Ancestors. The Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700 Salem, Massachussetts:Higginson Book Company, 1880 GRO Index Table E187.5 .H795 1880 Suppl. Brandow, James C., ed. Om tt Ch pt f m H tt ’ O g L t fP f Qu ty… Oth Wh W t f m Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700 Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1983 7 �Names and Surnames The following titles help establish what a name means and how it originated. GRO Ref. CS2745 .M3 Maduell, Charles R. Jr. Romance of Spanish Surnames New Orleans, LA: The Author, ©1967 GRO Ref. CS2745 .P55 1996 Platt, Lyman D. Hispanic Surnames and Family History Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., ©1996 GRO Ref. CS2745 .W66 Woods, Richard D. Spanish Surnames in the Southwestern United States: A Dictionary Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, ©1978 Rare Book Room Items in Rare Book Room may be seen by appointment (Call 716-858-8900 to schedule). RBR U.S. 1812.Z3, 5 vols. Alcedo, Antonio de The Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies: Containing an Entire Translation of the Spanish Work of Colonel Don Antonio de Alcedo ... London: J. Carpenter, 1812-15 RBR U.S. 1857.Z8 Atlas of the United States of North America, Canada ... New Foundland, Mexico, Central America, Cuba, and Jamaica ... London: John Murray; Edinburgh, W. & A. K. Johnston, 1857 Organizations Notes Hispanic Genealogical Society of New York Old Chelsea Station P.O. Box 474 New York, NY 10113 http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com/ Puerto Rican/Hispanic Genealogical Society P.O. Box 260118 Bellerose, NY 11426-0118 prhgs@yahoo.com http://www.rootsweb.com/~prhgs/ Our ongoing objectives are to encourage Hispanics to research their roots, history and rich heritage; to provide instruction and assistance in genealogical research; to locate and make available genealogical resources for research, and more Founded in 1996, the PRHGS was established to enable Puerto Ricans, Hispanics and other interested persons develop and enhance their skills, knowledge and ability to conduct a competent genealogical search for their ancestors. 8 �Selected Websites Notes http://www.candoo.com/genresources/ Caribbean Genealogy http://www.rootsweb.com/~caribgw/ CaribbeanGenWeb Project http://www.cyndislist.com/categories/ Cy ’ L t Categories Includes a surname index and links to genealogy sources for the Caribbean. Collected links for all the islands http://www.genealogiahispana.com/ Directorio de Genealogia Hispana [Directory of Hispanic Genealogy] http://www.vanderbilt.edu/esss/index.php Ecclesiastical and Secular Sources for Slave Societies https://familysearch.org Family Search http://www.guiagenealogica.com/ La Guia de Informacion Genealogica [Genealogical Information Guide] http://www.buffaloah.com/h/hisp/hisp.html History of Hispanics in Buffalo, NY http://www.archives.nysed.gov/projects/legacies/buflatino/history1.shtml Legacies Project, Buffalo: Latino Communities http://www.prroots.com/ PR (Puerto Rican) Roots http://genealogy.about.com/cs/hispanic/a/ancestry.htm Researching Your Hispanic Heritage A large collection of links for all aspects of genealogy for Latin American Genealogy. Look under the following categories: Central and South America, Caribbean/West Indies, Mexico, and United States--Puerto Rico. Hispanic genealogy resources organized by location and topic. Images of records pertaining to slaves in Brazil, Cuba, and Colombia. Includes free images of records and searchable databases. Browse by region. Links and information related to Central and South American genealogy. Strong content for Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico and Panama. Short articles. A history with documents and photographs from the New York State Archives. A project of the Hispanic Genealogical Society of New York. A good introduction for beginners. Vertical File The Grosvenor Room collects articles, pamphlets, and clippings about local history. Ask for this folder: Ethnic Groups -- Hispanic 9 �The Online Catalog of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library http://www.buffalolib.org/vufind/ Search the online catalog for the books, magazines, CDs, videos, maps, and manuscripts owned by the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library. It includes the Grosvenor Room, all departments in the Central Library, and every town and branch library. Access it at the web address above. To find additional items about Hispanic and Caribbean genealogy and local history in our collection beyond those listed in this guide, try these Subject searches: BARBADOS GENEALOGY CARIBBEAN AREA GENEALOGY CUBA GENEALOGY [NAME OF COUNTRY OR REGION] GAZETTEERS GENEALOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY HISPANIC AMERICANS GENEALOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY LATIN AMERICA GENEALOGY HANDBOOKS MANUALS ETC CARIBBEAN AREA GENEALOGY HANDBOOKS MANUALS ETC HISPANIC AMERICANS GENEALOGY HANDBOOKS MANUALS ETC LATIN AMERICA GREAT BRITAIN COLONIES HISTORY SOURCES HERALDRY LATIN AMERICA HERALDRY SPAIN LOWER WEST SIDE BUFFALO N Y MEXICAN AMERICANS GENEALOGY HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. MEXICO GENEALOGY HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. [NAME OF COUNTRY OR REGION] MAPS NAMES MEXICAN AMERICAN NAMES SPANISH PUERTO RICANS IN THE UNITED STATES BIBLIOGRAPHY SPAIN GENEALOGY WEST INDIES GENEALOGY Where Else Can I Research Hispanic or Caribbean Heritage? Buffalo State College Monroe Fordham Regional History Center 1300 Elmwood Avenue Buffalo, NY 14222 (716) 878-5412 http://monroefordham.org/ Library of Congress Local History & Genealogy Reading Room Humanities and Social Sciences Division 101 Independence Ave, SE Washington, DC 20540 http://www.loc.gov/rr/genealogy/bib_guid/hispanic/ University at Buffalo University Archives 420 Capen Hall Buffalo, NY 14260-1674 (716) 645-2916 Fax (716) 645-3714 lib-archives@buffalo.edu http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/archives/ Notes Has a microfilmed scrapbook of news clippings about Hispanic community of Buffalo and Erie County, compiled by Ms. Maria Rosa Has online bibliography, Hispanic Local History and Genealogy in the United States, at the link to the left. Has several dissertations and theses dealing with Hispanics in Buffalo 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Documents Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Special Collections Department of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Title A name given to the resource Latin American & Caribbean Genealogy: Selected Sources in the Grosvenor Room Description An account of the resource This guide is designed to assist persons researching Hispanic, Latino/Latina, and Caribbean ancestry in the Grosvenor Room of the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library. Genealogical handbooks, guides, manuals, indexes to record compilations, atlases, maps, gazetteers, surname directories, passenger lists, newspapers, and church records serve numerous purposes and can prove to be invaluable resources to all researchers, regardless of their level of expertise. Also available at: <a title="http://www.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/pdf/genealogy/subject-guides/LatinAmericanGenealogy%20updated%207-2014.pdf" href="http://www.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/pdf/genealogy/subject-guides/LatinAmericanGenealogy%20updated%207-2014.pdf">http://www.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/pdf/genealogy/subject-guides/LatinAmericanGenealogy%20updated%207-2014.pdf</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 2014 https://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/d76ae17a1f5bd68f294a97f7866c8364.jpg 7db14237be2e4bc383bad2687ab0acb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Heritage History Project Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liliam Malave, Herman Badillo and Isais Gonzalez Description An account of the resource Liliam Malave, Herman Badillo and Isaias Gonzalez were part of the Committee on Bilingual Education that established the program at Herman Badillo Community School PS 76 – 300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14201 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Education