13 10 143 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/5f0098d1fcac05c595fe38d1d81c2f7c.mp3 c31f2fe94ec564ef9be6f49d08485f95 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/8253aaee6963c5f74ce1ded73fa1a4fe.pdf ff23727a59ff1cd9b37d19c27025f8f9 PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Olivia Padilla Interview Location: Buffalo, NY Interview Date: 4/22/2014 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo and Casimiro Rodriguez Length: 39:47 Executive Summary: This interview with Olivia Padilla took place on April 22, 2014 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo and Casimiro Rodriguez. Olivia Padilla was born in Lackawanna to Spanish parents who migrated to the region after passing through Cuba before the Cuban Revolution. Olivia grew up in Lackawanna where she easily integrated into an English speaking environment. Her parents owned a poultry shop that sold fresh chicken to the community. When she was a child, she delivered the orders to their clients on her bike. Olivia discusses her family’s involvement in the Spanish and Mexican Clubs. She also describes different community events such as soccer. She also discusses the cultural differences between the Spanish and Puerto Ricans. Employment at Bethlehem Steel is a major point of conversation especially with respect to the women who worked there during World War II while the men were fighting abroad. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Olivia Padilla tomó lugar el 22 de abril de 2014 en Buffalo, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo y Casimiro Rodriguez. Olivia Padilla nació en Lackawanna, NY a una familia española quien migró a la región después de atravesar por Cuba antes de la Revolución Cubana. Olivia se crecía en Lackawanna y se asimiló fácilmente al ambiente solo anglosajón. Sus padres fueron dueños de una tienda de pollo que vendió pollo fresco a la comunidad. Cuando ella era niña, ella entregó las pedidas a sus clientes en bicicleta. Olivia habla el involucramiento de su familia en los clubes mexicano y español. Ella también describe los eventos distintos tanto como el fútbol. Ella también explica las diferencias entre los españoles y los puertorriqueños. El empleo a Bethlehem Steel también es un punto mayor de la conversación especialmente con respeto a las mujeres que trabajaron en lugar de los hombres durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial mientras estaban peleando afuera. � Story Clips: 0:20 - Father comes from Spain to Cuba before coming to the U.S. Olivia's father came to the United States from Spain through Cuba. Many Spaniards who arrived in Buffalo came through Cuba first before the Cuban Revolution. El padre de Olivia vino a los EEUU de España por Cuba. Muchos españoles que vinieron a Búfalo lo hizo por Cuba antes de la Revolución Cubana. 1:47 - Olivia introduces herself Olivia introduces herself. Olivia se presenta. 3:27 - Lackawanna was like the League of Nations Lackawanna was growing fast and was ethnically diverse because of huge businesses like Bethlehem Steel. Businesses like this attracted workers from all over the world. For this reason, it received the nickname: The League of Nations. Lackawanna se crecía rápidamente y era muy diversa por la culpa de los negocios gigantes como Bethlehem Steel. Los negocios así atrajeron a trabajadores de todas partes del mundo. Por eso Lackawanna recibió el apodo: La Liga de Naciones. 3:59 - Hispanic businesses and clubs attracted people The Social Clubs in Lackawanna attracted many people. They were the cultural centers for the growing Hispanic population. THese clubs held various community events. Los clubes sociales en Lackawanna atrajeron a mucha gente de la comunidad hispana. Estos clubes eran el centro cultural de la comunidad y dieron fiestas y festivales para la comunidad. 4:43 - The Spanish and Mexican Clubs were big The Spanish and Mexican Clubs were very important to the Hispanic community. Everyone in the community went to their events while they were both open. �El Club Español y el Club Mexicano eran muy importantes a la comunidad hispana. Todo el mundo en la comunidad asistía a los eventos cuando estaban abiertos. 6:05 - Father had a grocery store on Ridge Rd Olivia's father owned a poultry grocery store on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. They sold live chickens to nearby families. El padre de Olivia era dueño de una tienda de pollo en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Se vendieron los pollos a la comunidad en el vecindario. 6:37 - Spanish and Mexican Club Events The Spanish and Mexican Clubs would host different ethnic events. Sometimes the Spanish Club would host Mexican themed events for the Mexican Community. El Club Social Español y Mexicano dieron fiestas y eventos culturales para la comunidad. A veces el Club Social Español daba fiestas y eventos por los temas mexicanos para la comunidad mexicana. 7:04 - People getting together The community would always get together at various events. La comunidad siempre se juntaron a los varios eventos. 7:49 - Mother worked for Bethlehem Steel Olivia's mother worked at Bethlehem Steel during World War II while the men were abroad fighting. La madre de Olivia trabajaba a Bethlehem Steel mientras los hombres luchaba afuera. 8:26 - Bethlehem Steel hired women to replace men during the War During World War II, Bethlehem Steel hired women to fill the positions the men did before the War started. Fewer women worked there once the war was over. �Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Bethlehem Steel empleó a las mujeres para hacer el trabajo que hacían los hombres antes del inicio de la Guerra. Después de la Guerra, los hombres regresaron al trabajo y pocas mujeres se quedaron empleadas por este negocio. 9:38 - Mother didn't stay at Bethlehem Steel after the War Olivia's mother left Bethlehem Steel once World War II was over. The men return to the factories so she returned home. La madre de Olivia dejó su puesto a Bethlehem Steel después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Los hombres regresaron a las factorías, entonces ella regresó a la casa. 9:57 - The Chicken Girl Olivia used to deliver live chickens on her bike when she was a child. She was nicknamed "The Chicken Girl". Era una vez que Olivia les entregaba los pollos a los clientes en bicicleta. Ella recibió el apodo de "La muchacha de pollos". 10:32 - Father sold live chickens Olivia's father sold live chickens. Olivia would deliver the chickens on her bike. El padre de Olivia vendió los pollos vivos. Olivia les entregaba los pollos a sus clientes en su bicicleta. 13:29 - What are Chavos Olivia didn't know what the word "chavos" meant until she met Puerto Ricans. She didn't realized how different Spaniards and Puerto Ricans were until she started interacting with the growing Puerto Rican population. The differences weren't just linguistic. Olivia no sabía qué quería decir la palabra "chavos" hasta cuando se conoció unos puertorriqueños. Hasta este momento, ella no entendía las diferencias entre las poblaciones españolas y puertorriqueñas. La población puertorriqueña se crecía rápidamente y poco a poco ella conocía más sobre las diferencias culturales que no eran solamente lingüísticas. �16:09 - Cultural Differences between Spaniards and Puerto Ricans Olivia recognized that there were distinct cultural differences between Spaniards and Puerto Ricans when she was growing up. Spaniards maintained very traditional and strict family and social values. Puerto Ricans tended to be more outgoing than Spaniards. Olivia reconoció que hubo diferencias entre los españoles y los puertorriqueños cuando se crecía. Los españoles mantuvieron los valores familiares muy tradicionales y estrictos. Los puertorriqueños eran más extrovertidos en comparación. 17:38 - Cultural differences caused some tensions At times, cultural differences caused conflicts between communities. A veces, las diferencias culturales causaron conflictos entre comunidades. 22:02 - Lackawanna was the Spanish cultural hub Lackawanna was the central location for the Spanish community. It always was home to the Spanish Club. Lackawanna era el lugar central para la comunidad española. También fue hogar del Club Social Español. 24:05 - The fall of the Spanish Club The Spanish Club eventually closed due to a lack of solid leadership. El Club Social Español se cerró eventualmente por la falta del liderazgo sólido. 24:25 - The Mexican Club also closed The Mexican Club also closed for similar reasons for the closure of the Spanish Club. El Club Mexicano se cerró para razones semejantes a las de la cerrada del Club Social Español. 25:36 - Spaniards assimilate linguistically �The Spanish were able to assimilate linguistically into American culture. The learned English very quickly because there weren't any bilingual programs in the schools. Los españoles se asimilaron lingüísticamente bien en la cultura estadounidense. Aprendieron el inglés rápidamente en las escuelas porque no hubo programas bilingües en las escuelas. 26:29 - Grandma can't speak English Olivia's grandmother could not speak English. She always remembers this because she is bilingual and very thankful that she was able to maintain her native language but also assimilate into American culture without a problem. La abuela de Olivia no hablaba el inglés. Olivia se recuerda de ese porque ella se sentía que tenía mucha suerte por mantener su lengua nativa y por aprender el inglés. Ella se asimiló bien en la cultura estadounidense sin problema. 27:31 - Mom was active in the community Olivia's mother was very active in the community. She was very surprised to learn how much her mother really did for everyone. La madre de Oliva era muy activa dentro de la comunidad. Se sorprendió mucho a Olivia cuanto su madre hizo para toda la comunidad. 28:09 - You name it and mom did it Olivia's mother would do anything she could to help her community. All you had to do was call her and she would help. La madre de Olivia ayudaría en cualquier cosa que necesitaba su ayuda. Solo se tenía que llamarla. 29:15 - Surprised at how involved mom was Olivia was surprised to find out how much her mother did for the community. Se sorprendió a Olivia cuanto su madre hizo para la comunidad. 31:20 - Father was old fashioned �Olivia's father was very old fashioned. He would not let her go out of the house with anyone other than her male cousin. She was not allowed to go to parties or other places without her family. El padre de Olivia era muy estricto. Él no quiso que Olivia saliera con nadie menos su primo. Ella no podía salir a las fiestas o ningún otro lado sin su familia. 33:32 - Every Sunday was a soccer game As a child, Olivia would spend every Sunday with her family and community at soccer games. This was a place for the Hispanic community to come together and support their teams and their culture. They would spend the entire day there. Olivia always felt this was boring. Cuando era niña, Olivia habría pasado todos los domingos a la cancha de fútbol con su familia y comunidad. La comunidad hispana se juntaba en este lugar para apoyar a los jugadores y también a su cultura. Todo el mundo habría estado allí por todo el día. Olivia siempre pensó que estos eventos eran aburridos. 35:10 - Soccer games were boring Every Sunday, Olivia and her family would go to the soccer games. This was a huge community event. Olivia was always bored. Cada domingo, Olivia y su familia iban a los partidos de fútbol. Esos eran eventos muy importantes para la comunidad hispana. Ella siempre estaba aburrida durante los partidos. 37:49 - Olivia could only go to dances with Cousin Amador Olivia's father was very strict. He would only allow her to go to dances with her cousin Amador. El padre de Olivia era muy estricto. Ella solo podía ir a los bailes con su primo Amador. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 39:47 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:20 - Father comes from Spain to Cuba before coming to the U.S. Olivia's father came to the United States from Spain through Cuba. Many Spaniards who arrived in Buffalo came through Cuba first before the Cuban Revolution. El padre de Olivia vino a los EEUU de España por Cuba. Muchos españoles que vinieron a Búfalo lo hizo por Cuba antes de la Revolución Cubana. 1:47 - Olivia introduces herself Olivia introduces herself. Olivia se presenta. 3:27 - Lackawanna was like the League of Nations Lackawanna was growing fast and was ethnically diverse because of huge businesses like Bethlehem Steel. Businesses like this attracted workers from all over the world. For this reason, it received the nickname: The League of Nations. Lackawanna se crecía rápidamente y era muy diversa por la culpa de los negocios gigantes como Bethlehem Steel. Los negocios así atrajeron a trabajadores de todas partes del mundo. Por eso Lackawanna recibió el apodo: La Liga de Naciones. 3:59 - Hispanic businesses and clubs attracted people The Social Clubs in Lackawanna attracted many people. They were the cultural centers for the growing Hispanic population. THese clubs held various community events. Los clubes sociales en Lackawanna atrajeron a mucha gente de la comunidad hispana. Estos clubes eran el centro cultural de la comunidad y dieron fiestas y festivales para la comunidad. 4:43 - The Spanish and Mexican Clubs were big The Spanish and Mexican Clubs were very important to the Hispanic community. Everyone in the community went to their events while they were both open. El Club Español y el Club Mexicano eran muy importantes a la comunidad hispana. Todo el mundo en la comunidad asistía a los eventos cuando estaban abiertos. 6:05 - Father had a grocery store on Ridge Rd Olivia's father owned a poultry grocery store on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. They sold live chickens to nearby families. El padre de Olivia era dueño de una tienda de pollo en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Se vendieron los pollos a la comunidad en el vecindario. 6:37 - Spanish and Mexican Club Events The Spanish and Mexican Clubs would host different ethnic events. Sometimes the Spanish Club would host Mexican themed events for the Mexican Community. El Club Social Español y Mexicano dieron fiestas y eventos culturales para la comunidad. A veces el Club Social Español daba fiestas y eventos por los temas mexicanos para la comunidad mexicana. 7:04 - People getting together The community would always get together at various events. La comunidad siempre se juntaron a los varios eventos. 7:49 - Mother worked for Bethlehem Steel Olivia's mother worked at Bethlehem Steel during World War II while the men were abroad fighting. La madre de Olivia trabajaba a Bethlehem Steel mientras los hombres luchaba afuera. 8:26 - Bethlehem Steel hired women to replace men during the War During World War II, Bethlehem Steel hired women to fill the positions the men did before the War started. Fewer women worked there once the war was over. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Bethlehem Steel empleó a las mujeres para hacer el trabajo que hacían los hombres antes del inicio de la Guerra. Después de la Guerra, los hombres regresaron al trabajo y pocas mujeres se quedaron empleadas por este negocio. 9:38 - Mother didn't stay at Bethlehem Steel after the War Olivia's mother left Bethlehem Steel once World War II was over. The men return to the factories so she returned home. La madre de Olivia dejó su puesto a Bethlehem Steel después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Los hombres regresaron a las factorías, entonces ella regresó a la casa. 9:57 - The Chicken Girl Olivia used to deliver live chickens on her bike when she was a child. She was nicknamed "The Chicken Girl". Era una vez que Olivia les entregaba los pollos a los clientes en bicicleta. Ella recibió el apodo de "La muchacha de pollos". 10:32 - Father sold live chickens Olivia's father sold live chickens. Olivia would deliver the chickens on her bike. El padre de Olivia vendió los pollos vivos. Olivia les entregaba los pollos a sus clientes en su bicicleta. 13:29 - What are Chavos Olivia didn't know what the word "chavos" meant until she met Puerto Ricans. She didn't realized how different Spaniards and Puerto Ricans were until she started interacting with the growing Puerto Rican population. The differences weren't just linguistic. Olivia no sabía qué quería decir la palabra "chavos" hasta cuando se conoció unos puertorriqueños. Hasta este momento, ella no entendía las diferencias entre las poblaciones españolas y puertorriqueñas. La población puertorriqueña se crecía rápidamente y poco a poco ella conocía más sobre las diferencias culturales que no eran solamente lingüísticas. 16:09 - Cultural Differences between Spaniards and Puerto Ricans Olivia recognized that there were distinct cultural differences between Spaniards and Puerto Ricans when she was growing up. Spaniards maintained very traditional and strict family and social values. Puerto Ricans tended to be more outgoing than Spaniards. Olivia reconoció que hubo diferencias entre los españoles y los puertorriqueños cuando se crecía. Los españoles mantuvieron los valores familiares muy tradicionales y estrictos. Los puertorriqueños eran más extrovertidos en comparación. 17:38 - Cultural differences caused some tensions At times, cultural differences caused conflicts between communities. A veces, las diferencias culturales causaron conflictos entre comunidades. 22:02 - Lackawanna was the Spanish cultural hub Lackawanna was the central location for the Spanish community. It always was home to the Spanish Club. Lackawanna era el lugar central para la comunidad española. También fue hogar del Club Social Español. 24:05 - The fall of the Spanish Club The Spanish Club eventually closed due to a lack of solid leadership. El Club Social Español se cerró eventualmente por la falta del liderazgo sólido. 24:25 - The Mexican Club also closed The Mexican Club also closed for similar reasons for the closure of the Spanish Club. El Club Mexicano se cerró para razones semejantes a las de la cerrada del Club Social Español. 25:36 - Spaniards assimilate linguistically The Spanish were able to assimilate linguistically into American culture. The learned English very quickly because there weren't any bilingual programs in the schools. Los españoles se asimilaron lingüísticamente bien en la cultura estadounidense. Aprendieron el inglés rápidamente en las escuelas porque no hubo programas bilingües en las escuelas. 26:29 - Grandma can't speak English Olivia's grandmother could not speak English. She always remembers this because she is bilingual and very thankful that she was able to maintain her native language but also assimilate into American culture without a problem. La abuela de Olivia no hablaba el inglés. Olivia se recuerda de ese porque ella se sentía que tenía mucha suerte por mantener su lengua nativa y por aprender el inglés. Ella se asimiló bien en la cultura estadounidense sin problema. 27:31 - Mom was active in the community Olivia's mother was very active in the community. She was very surprised to learn how much her mother really did for everyone. La madre de Oliva era muy activa dentro de la comunidad. Se sorprendió mucho a Olivia cuanto su madre hizo para toda la comunidad. 28:09 - You name it and mom did it Olivia's mother would do anything she could to help her community. All you had to do was call her and she would help. La madre de Olivia ayudaría en cualquier cosa que necesitaba su ayuda. Solo se tenía que llamarla. 29:15 - Surprised at how involved mom was Olivia was surprised to find out how much her mother did for the community. Se sorprendió a Olivia cuanto su madre hizo para la comunidad. 31:20 - Father was old fashioned Olivia's father was very old fashioned. He would not let her go out of the house with anyone other than her male cousin. She was not allowed to go to parties or other places without her family. El padre de Olivia era muy estricto. Él no quiso que Olivia saliera con nadie menos su primo. Ella no podía salir a las fiestas o ningún otro lado sin su familia. 33:32 - Every Sunday was a soccer game As a child, Olivia would spend every Sunday with her family and community at soccer games. This was a place for the Hispanic community to come together and support their teams and their culture. They would spend the entire day there. Olivia always felt this was boring. Cuando era niña, Olivia habría pasado todos los domingos a la cancha de fútbol con su familia y comunidad. La comunidad hispana se juntaba en este lugar para apoyar a los jugadores y también a su cultura. Todo el mundo habría estado allí por todo el día. Olivia siempre pensó que estos eventos eran aburridos. 35:10 - Soccer games were boring Every Sunday, Olivia and her family would go to the soccer games. This was a huge community event. Olivia was always bored. Cada domingo, Olivia y su familia iban a los partidos de fútbol. Esos eran eventos muy importantes para la comunidad hispana. Ella siempre estaba aburrida durante los partidos. 37:49 - Olivia could only go to dances with Cousin Amador Olivia's father was very strict. He would only allow her to go to dances with her cousin Amador. El padre de Olivia era muy estricto. Ella solo podía ir a los bailes con su primo Amador. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olivia Padilla Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olivia Padilla (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Casimiro Rodriguez (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Olivia Padilla took place on April 22, 2014 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo and Casimiro Rodriguez. Olivia Padilla was born in Lackawanna to Spanish parents who migrated to the region after passing through Cuba before the Cuban Revolution. Olivia grew up in Lackawanna where she easily integrated into an English speaking environment. Her parents owned a poultry shop that sold fresh chicken to the community. When she was a child, she delivered the orders to their clients on her bike. Olivia discusses her family’s involvement in the Spanish and Mexican Clubs. She also describes different community events such as soccer. She also discusses the cultural differences between the Spanish and Puerto Ricans. Employment at Bethlehem Steel is a major point of conversation especially with respect to the women who worked there during World War II while the men were fighting abroad. Esta entrevista con Olivia Padilla tomó lugar el 22 de abril de 2014 en Buffalo, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo y Casimiro Rodriguez. Olivia Padilla nació en Lackawanna, NY a una familia española quien migró a la región después de atravesar por Cuba antes de la Revolución Cubana. Olivia se crecía en Lackawanna y se asimiló fácilmente al ambiente solo anglosajón. Sus padres fueron dueños de una tienda de pollo que vendió pollo fresco a la comunidad. Cuando ella era niña, ella entregó las pedidas a sus clientes en bicicleta. Olivia habla el involucramiento de su familia en los clubes mexicano y español. Ella también describe los eventos distintos tanto como el fútbol. Ella también explica las diferencias entre los españoles y los puertorriqueños. El empleo a Bethlehem Steel también es un punto mayor de la conversación especialmente con respeto a las mujeres que trabajaron en lugar de los hombres durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial mientras estaban peleando afuera. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-22 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Employment and Labor Family http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/566557a44e3750809bf28b98b9f0e0dd.mp3 d6393391302ad3a8d677727b87d03bfa http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/939f6a7c311024556f21f355748c945e.pdf 3a9a942ccd2c3bc4764092ba15df9e5d PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Noemi Velazquez Interview Location: Buffalo, NY Interview Date: 7/23/2014 Interview Conducted by: Maritza Vega Length: 30:59 Executive Summary: This interview with Noemi Velazquez took place on July 23, 2014 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Maritza Vega. Noemi was born in Puerto Rico and migrated with her family to Western New York. Noemi explains why so many Puerto Ricans migrated to the region as a result of Operation Bootstrap. She described the conditions in which they traveled and how they began to establish their own community. Like most Puerto Rican children, Noemi began her formal education at St. Lucy’s Elementary School until her parents learned about the public schools. As a child, Noemi was actively involved in a youth civic organization which influenced her future working with the community. Noemi’s grandfather started the largest Pentecostal Church and a Cooperativa in Buffalo. Her family was very involved in the Pentecostal Church. The Cooperativa was also a huge part of their life and was based on community memberships. Noemi describes the history of different leaders in the community and their role in ameliorating the lives of Hispanics. Noemi also describes people outside of the Hispanic community who helped her community grow. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Noemi Velázquez tomó lugar el 23 de julio de 2014 en Buffalo, NY y fue conducida por Maritza Vega. Noemi nació en Puerto Rico y migró con su familia a Nueva York del Oeste. Noemi explica por qué tantos puertorriqueños emigraron a la región como resultado de la Operación Obras de la Mano. Ella describe las condiciones en que ellos viajaron y como ellos empezaron a establecer su propia comunidad. Como tantos niños puertorriqueños, Noemi empezó su educación formal en la Escuela Primaria de Santa Lucía hasta cuando sus padres aprendieron sobre las escuelas públicas. Como niña, Noemi fue involucrada activamente en una organización cívica juvenil la cual influyó su futuro trabajando en la comunidad. �El abuelo de Noemi fundó la iglesia pentecostal más grande y una cooperativa en Búfalo. Su familia era muy involucrada en la iglesia pentecostal. La cooperativa era una parte grandísima también de su vida y fue basada en la afiliación de la comunidad. Noemi describe la historia de algunos de los líderes y lo que hicieron para mejorar las vidas de la comunidad hispana. Noemi también describe la gente afuera de la comunidad hispana que ayudó crecer a la población hispana. Story Clips: 0:08 (second file) - The elders made sure that future generations didn't forget their culture Older members of the community wanted to make sure that their kin don't forget their culture. They highly emphasized culture and language retention. Los miembros más viejos de la comunidad no querían que sus hijos se pierdaran su cultura. Ellos subrayaron la retención de la cultura y la lengua como manera de no olvidarse la cultura. 1:07 (second file) - The largest Pentecostal Church in Buffalo Noemi's grandfather opened the largest Latino Pentecostal church in Buffalo. El abuelo de Noemi abrió la iglesia pentecostal más grande de Búfalo. 1:08 - Brief introduction Noemi introduces herself. Noemi se presenta. 1:26 - First Puerto Ricans lived on the Eastside The first wave of Puerto Ricans settled on the Eastside of Buffalo. They settled in a predominantly Italian American neighborhood. La primera ola de puertorriqueños establecieron su comunidad al Eastside. Establecieron sus hogares en un vecindario que era predominantemente americano italiano. 1:43 (second file) - Noemi's grandfather opened a Cooperativa within the church �Noemi's grandfather opened a Cooperativa within their church. Her grandfather was the head of the first Hispanic Protestant church in Buffalo. They developed the Cooperativa to help bring financial resources to the community. Members were able to use the money they earned from the Cooperativa to purchase homes. El abuelo de Noemi abrió una cooperativa dentro de su iglesia. Su abuelo abrió la primera iglesia hispana pentecostal en la Ciudad de Búfalo. Decidieron de establecerla para ayudar y dar recursos financieros a la comunidad. Los miembros podían comprar casas con el dinero que ganaron de la cooperativa. 2:07 - All Puerto Ricans went to St. Lucy's until they discovered Public Schools All Puerto Ricans went to St. Lucy's Elementary School until they discovered the Buffalo Public Schools. Most migrants felt comfortable sending their children to Catholic schools but realized that the public schools were making changes to accommodate their needs. Todos los puertorriqueños asistieron a la Escuela Primaria de St. Lucy hasta cuando descubrieron las escuelas públicas. Inicialmente, los padres querían mandar a sus hijos a las escuelas católicas pero poco a poco descubrieron que las escuelas públicas estaban cambiando para hacer frente las necesidades de los estudiantes hispanos. 2:36 (second file) - Membership in the Cooperativa allowed some members to put down payments on their homes Members of the Cooperativa were able to purchase houses because of the money they earned from their membership. Los miembros de la cooperativa podían comprar casas por el dinero que ganaron de su afiliación. 2:59 - Marcos Lopez greeted all new comers Marcos Lopez greeted all new migrants. He recognized how difficult it was for him when he first came to Buffalo and felt it was his responsibility to help those who are just arriving. Marcoz Lopez conoció a los nuevos migrantes cuando llegaron a Búfalo. Él reconoció cuánto difícil era para él y su familia cuando �vinieron a la región. Él sintió que era su responsabilidad de ayudar a la nueva población. 3:16 - Housing for and owned by Puerto Ricans Marcos Lopez came to Buffalo in the 40s. Carmen Gorzi owned apartments on South Division Street. She and Marcos Lopez met with new migrants when they arrived and then helped them find affordable housing. Marcos López vino a Búfalo en la década de los 40. Carmen Gorzi era dueña de unos apartamentos en la Calle South Division. Ella y Marcos López conocieron a los nuevos migrantes y los ayudaron a encontrar lugares de vivienda. 3:23 (second file) - The church attracted the largest latino Pentecostal conference The church Noemi's grandfather started held the largest Latino Pentecostal conference in the United States. La iglesia que el abuelo de Noemi dirige llevó la conferencia latina pentecostal más grande de los EEUU. 4:16 - Parents brought a vision of success and progress Migrant parents brought the idea of success and progress with them when they migrated to Buffalo. The instilled these values into their children and encouraged them to seek educational opportunities and to support their community. Los padres migrantes trajeron sus valores de éxito y progreso con ellos cuando emigraron a Búfalo. Ellos inculcaron a sus hijos que buscaron oportunidades educativas y apoyaron a su comunidad. 4:24 - Farmers took seatless planes to Puerto Rico to get laborers Puerto Rican farmers traveled from the island to Buffalo in seatless planes. This was all part of a government funded initiative--Operation Bootstrap. Many Puerto Rican migrant workers who came to Western New York in the 40s and 50s were motivated by incentive programs through Operation Bootstrap. �Los granjeros migrantes puertorriqueños viajaron a Búfalo en aviones sin asientos. Este era parte de un iniciativo gubernamental -Operación Manos a la Obra. Muchos trabajadores migrantes puertorriqueños quienes vinieron a Nueva York del Oeste en las décadas 40 y 50 estaban motivados por los incentivos de la Operación Manos a la Obra. 4:56 (second file) - Not every latina needs to be a secretary Noemi advocates for educating young females. She doesn't think that all Latinas need to be secretaries. Prior to opening up more expansive educational programs, Hispanic women were most commonly employed as secretaries. Noemi alcanza su apoyo con la educación de las latinas. Ella no cree que todas las latinas tengan que ser secretarías. Antes de la apertura de los programas educativos más expansivos, la mayoría de las mujeres hispanas eran empleadas como secretarías. 5:29 - Eventually the men got smart Migrant workers living on the farms to the north and south of Buffalo eventually realized that they could go to the City of Buffalo and find better paying jobs. Los trabajadores migrantes viviendo en las granjas al norte y al sur de la Ciudad de Búfalo eventualmente se dieron cuenta que podían encontrar mejores puestos en Búfalo. 5:56 - Changes in higher education allowed minorities to go to the universities Changes in higher education allowed more minority students to attend college. The educated Hispanic began to grow and many of these people went to the University at Buffalo. Los cambios en la universidad les permitieron a los hispanos que entregaran en la universidad. Muchos de la comunidad asistieron a la Universidad a Búfalo. La población de hispanos educados crecieron muchísimo durante esa época. 6:10 - Buffalo was an industrial city �Noemi explains what Buffalo was like when she was younger. She described it as an industrial city. Noemi explica lo que se veía Búfalo cuando era niña. Ella la describe como una ciudad industrial. 6:18 - We have two homes in our hearts Most Hispanic families in Buffalo strongly maintain their own culture and embrace the American culture at the same time. Noemi feels that she has two homes for this very reason, Buffalo and the one she left in Puerto Rico. La mayoría de las familias hispanas en Búfalo mantiene fuertemente su cultura nativa y al mismo tiempo abraza la cultura estadounidense. Por esa razón, Noemi cree que tiene dos hogares, el de Búfalo y el que dejó en Puerto Rico. 6:53 - Noemi was a part of multiple organizations Noemi eventually became a part of many community based organizations. Eventualmente Noemi se involucró en muchas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad. 7:12 - The extended family grew The term family applied to people outside of the nuclear family. Members of the community frequently became a part of your family. El término "familia" aplicó a la gente afuera de la familia nuclear. Frecuentemente los miembros de la comunidad se pusieron una parte de su familia. 7:30 - Everybody became your family Buffalo is the City of Good Neighbors. Noemi explains that everybody in Buffalo became your family as she was growing up. Búfalo es la ciudad de buenos vecinos. Noemi explica que todo el mundo se puso familia cuando ella se crecía. 7:38 (second file) - PODER was started by Alberto Cappas from New York City �Alberto Cappas started the university organization called PODER. This organization still exists today. It was a community action organization at the University at Buffalo. Alberto Cappas empezó la organización universitaria PODER. Esta organización todavía existe hoy en día. Es una organización de acción cívica en la comunidad. 7:50 - No bilingual program Noemi went to an English only school. Bilingual programs did not exist in schools when she was growing up. Noemi asistía a una escuela solo anglosajona. No había programas bilingües en las escuelas cuando era estudiante. 8:42 - Memories of organizing boycotts during the Civil Rights Movement Noemi shares some memories of protesting during the Civil Rights Movement. Noemi comparte unas de sus memorias de las protestas durante el movimiento de los derechos civiles. 9:20 - The youth focused on Civic Action, Adults focused on politics When Noemi was younger, she and her friends participated in their own civic action organization. They learned at a very young age the meaning of solidarity. Cuando Noemi era más joven, ella y sus amigos participaron en su propia organización de acción cívica. Ellos aprendieron el sentido de la palabra solidaridad a una edad bastante joven. 10:17 - Pucho Olivencia understood politics but used them to bring something back to the community Pucho Olivencia understood politics. Many other community members wanted to stay away from them but Pucho used his knowledge to elevate the Hispanic community. �Pucho Olivencia entendió las políticas. Muchos en la comunidad no querían entrar en ellas pero Pucho las usó para levantar la población hispana. 11:37 - We should have more elected officials Noemi believes that there should be more elected Hispanic officials. She shares her thoughts on recent and past elections and who represents the Hispanic community. Noemi cree que debe ser más oficiales elegidos hispanos en los políticos. Ella comparte sus pensamientos sobre las elecciones recientes y pasadas y quien representa la comunidad hispana. 12:58 - We didn't have Bustelo but we had Medaglia d'Oro Puerto Ricans didn't have access to traditional ethnic products at first but eventually local supermarkets started to sell Hispanic foods. They were never without what they needed but greatly appreciated it when they could purchase traditional foods. Los puertorriqueños no tenían acceso a los productos tradicionalmente hispanos pero eventualmente los supermercados empezaron a ofrecer los productos hispanos. Nunca les faltaron lo que necesitaron pero agradecieron muchísimo cuando estos productos empezaron a aparecer en los supermercados. 13:37 - The supermarkets started to provide Hispanic products and new stores popped up Once the Hispanic population became substantial, local supermarkets began to sell Hispanic products. Cuando las población hispana se puso substancial, los supermercados locales empezaron a vender productos hispanos. 15:11 - Restaurants were for single migrant workers Single migrant workers went to restaurants to purchase food since they didn't have a spouse to cook for them. Los trabajadores migrantes fueron a los restaurantes para comer porque no tenían alguien en casa para preparar la comida. �16:28 - You knew you were in a Puerto Rican home because you could smell the food Everyone knew they were in a Puerto Rican house by the smells that came from the kitchen. Puerto Rican families prepared traditional foods on a daily basis and their smells lingered in and around the houses. Todo el mundo sabía que estaba en una casa puertorriqueña por los olores que salían de las casas. Las familias puertorriqueñas preparaban la comida tradicional todos los días y los olores se quedaban dentro y alrededor de las casas. 17:22 - Applause for the Hispanic Veterans Memorial Noemi shares her congratulations for the Hispanic Veterans Memorial. She feels that it is an amazing achievement for the community. Noemi comparte sus felicidades para el Monumento de los Veteranos Hispanos. Ella cree que es un gran éxito para la comunidad. 18:30 - Gratitude for Alicia Pagan's legacy Noemi shares her gratitude for Alicia Pagan's legacy in Buffalo. Noemi comparte su gratitud para el legado de Alicia Pagan en Búfalo. 19:18 - Gratitude for the women who taught the arts to young girls Noemi shares her gratitude for the women who taught art classes to the young girls. She felt that this program was very inspirational to give these young girls this opportunity. Noemi comparte su gratitud para las mujeres que dieron clases de arte a las jóvenes. Ella cree que era muy inspiracional que las jóvenes tuvieron esa oportunidad. 21:07 - Lombardo has always been kind to Puerto Ricans Lombardo Funeral Home has always been very kind to Puerto Ricans. The Funeral Home would help families out who didn't have the financial resources to pay for a funeral. �La Funeraria Lombardo ha siempre sido muy amigable a los puertorriqueños. La funeraria los ayudarían a los que no podían pagar los gastos del funeral. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 30:59 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:08 (second file) - The elders made sure that future generations didn't forget their culture Older members of the community wanted to make sure that their kin don't forget their culture. They highly emphasized culture and language retention. Los miembros más viejos de la comunidad no querían que sus hijos se pierdaran su cultura. Ellos subrayaron la retención de la cultura y la lengua como manera de no olvidarse la cultura. 1:07 (second file) - The largest Pentecostal Church in Buffalo Noemi's grandfather opened the largest Latino Pentecostal church in Buffalo. El abuelo de Noemi abrió la iglesia pentecostal más grande de Búfalo. 1:08 - Brief introduction Noemi introduces herself. Noemi se presenta. 1:26 - First Puerto Ricans lived on the Eastside The first wave of Puerto Ricans settled on the Eastside of Buffalo. They settled in a predominantly Italian American neighborhood. La primera ola de puertorriqueños establecieron su comunidad al Eastside. Establecieron sus hogares en un vecindario que era predominantemente americano italiano. 1:43 (second file) - Noemi's grandfather opened a Cooperativa within the church Noemi's grandfather opened a Cooperativa within their church. Her grandfather was the head of the first Hispanic Protestant church in Buffalo. They developed the Cooperativa to help bring financial resources to the community. Members were able to use the money they earned from the Cooperativa to purchase homes. El abuelo de Noemi abrió una cooperativa dentro de su iglesia. Su abuelo abrió la primera iglesia hispana pentecostal en la Ciudad de Búfalo. Decidieron de establecerla para ayudar y dar recursos financieros a la comunidad. Los miembros podían comprar casas con el dinero que ganaron de la cooperativa. 2:07 - All Puerto Ricans went to St. Lucy's until they discovered Public Schools All Puerto Ricans went to St. Lucy's Elementary School until they discovered the Buffalo Public Schools. Most migrants felt comfortable sending their children to Catholic schools but realized that the public schools were making changes to accommodate their needs. Todos los puertorriqueños asistieron a la Escuela Primaria de St. Lucy hasta cuando descubrieron las escuelas públicas. Inicialmente, los padres querían mandar a sus hijos a las escuelas católicas pero poco a poco descubrieron que las escuelas públicas estaban cambiando para hacer frente las necesidades de los estudiantes hispanos. 2:36 (second file) - Membership in the Cooperativa allowed some members to put down payments on their homes Members of the Cooperativa were able to purchase houses because of the money they earned from their membership. Los miembros de la cooperativa podían comprar casas por el dinero que ganaron de su afiliación. 2:59 - Marcos Lopez greeted all new comers Marcos Lopez greeted all new migrants. He recognized how difficult it was for him when he first came to Buffalo and felt it was his responsibility to help those who are just arriving. Marcoz Lopez conoció a los nuevos migrantes cuando llegaron a Búfalo. Él reconoció cuánto difícil era para él y su familia cuando vinieron a la región. Él sintió que era su responsabilidad de ayudar a la nueva población. 3:16 - Housing for and owned by Puerto Ricans Marcos Lopez came to Buffalo in the 40s. Carmen Gorzi owned apartments on South Division Street. She and Marcos Lopez met with new migrants when they arrived and then helped them find affordable housing. Marcos López vino a Búfalo en la década de los 40. Carmen Gorzi era dueña de unos apartamentos en la Calle South Division. Ella y Marcos López conocieron a los nuevos migrantes y los ayudaron a encontrar lugares de vivienda. 3:23 (second file) - The church attracted the largest latino Pentecostal conference The church Noemi's grandfather started held the largest Latino Pentecostal conference in the United States. La iglesia que el abuelo de Noemi dirige llevó la conferencia latina pentecostal más grande de los EEUU. 4:16 - Parents brought a vision of success and progress Migrant parents brought the idea of success and progress with them when they migrated to Buffalo. The instilled these values into their children and encouraged them to seek educational opportunities and to support their community. Los padres migrantes trajeron sus valores de éxito y progreso con ellos cuando emigraron a Búfalo. Ellos inculcaron a sus hijos que buscaron oportunidades educativas y apoyaron a su comunidad. 4:24 - Farmers took seatless planes to Puerto Rico to get laborers Puerto Rican farmers traveled from the island to Buffalo in seatless planes. This was all part of a government funded initiative--Operation Bootstrap. Many Puerto Rican migrant workers who came to Western New York in the 40s and 50s were motivated by incentive programs through Operation Bootstrap. Los granjeros migrantes puertorriqueños viajaron a Búfalo en aviones sin asientos. Este era parte de un iniciativo gubernamental --Operación Manos a la Obra. Muchos trabajadores migrantes puertorriqueños quienes vinieron a Nueva York del Oeste en las décadas 40 y 50 estaban motivados por los incentivos de la Operación Manos a la Obra. 4:56 (second file) - Not every latina needs to be a secretary Noemi advocates for educating young females. She doesn't think that all Latinas need to be secretaries. Prior to opening up more expansive educational programs, Hispanic women were most commonly employed as secretaries. Noemi alcanza su apoyo con la educación de las latinas. Ella no cree que todas las latinas tengan que ser secretarías. Antes de la apertura de los programas educativos más expansivos, la mayoría de las mujeres hispanas eran empleadas como secretarías. 5:29 - Eventually the men got smart Migrant workers living on the farms to the north and south of Buffalo eventually realized that they could go to the City of Buffalo and find better paying jobs. Los trabajadores migrantes viviendo en las granjas al norte y al sur de la Ciudad de Búfalo eventualmente se dieron cuenta que podían encontrar mejores puestos en Búfalo. 5:56 - Changes in higher education allowed minorities to go to the universities Changes in higher education allowed more minority students to attend college. The educated Hispanic began to grow and many of these people went to the University at Buffalo. Los cambios en la universidad les permitieron a los hispanos que entregaran en la universidad. Muchos de la comunidad asistieron a la Universidad a Búfalo. La población de hispanos educados crecieron muchísimo durante esa época. 6:10 - Buffalo was an industrial city Noemi explains what Buffalo was like when she was younger. She described it as an industrial city. Noemi explica lo que se veía Búfalo cuando era niña. Ella la describe como una ciudad industrial. 6:18 - We have two homes in our hearts Most Hispanic families in Buffalo strongly maintain their own culture and embrace the American culture at the same time. Noemi feels that she has two homes for this very reason, Buffalo and the one she left in Puerto Rico. La mayoría de las familias hispanas en Búfalo mantiene fuertemente su cultura nativa y al mismo tiempo abraza la cultura estadounidense. Por esa razón, Noemi cree que tiene dos hogares, el de Búfalo y el que dejó en Puerto Rico. 6:53 - Noemi was a part of multiple organizations Noemi eventually became a part of many community based organizations. Eventualmente Noemi se involucró en muchas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad. 7:12 - The extended family grew The term family applied to people outside of the nuclear family. Members of the community frequently became a part of your family. El término "familia" aplicó a la gente afuera de la familia nuclear. Frecuentemente los miembros de la comunidad se pusieron una parte de su familia. 7:30 - Everybody became your family Buffalo is the City of Good Neighbors. Noemi explains that everybody in Buffalo became your family as she was growing up. Búfalo es la ciudad de buenos vecinos. Noemi explica que todo el mundo se puso familia cuando ella se crecía. 7:38 (second file) - PODER was started by Alberto Cappas from New York City Alberto Cappas started the university organization called PODER. This organization still exists today. It was a community action organization at the University at Buffalo. Alberto Cappas empezó la organización universitaria PODER. Esta organización todavía existe hoy en día. Es una organización de acción cívica en la comunidad. 7:50 - No bilingual program Noemi went to an English only school. Bilingual programs did not exist in schools when she was growing up. Noemi asistía a una escuela solo anglosajona. No había programas bilingües en las escuelas cuando era estudiante. 8:42 - Memories of organizing boycotts during the Civil Rights Movement Noemi shares some memories of protesting during the Civil Rights Movement. Noemi comparte unas de sus memorias de las protestas durante el movimiento de los derechos civiles. 9:20 - The youth focused on Civic Action, Adults focused on politics When Noemi was younger, she and her friends participated in their own civic action organization. They learned at a very young age the meaning of solidarity. Cuando Noemi era más joven, ella y sus amigos participaron en su propia organización de acción cívica. Ellos aprendieron el sentido de la palabra solidaridad a una edad bastante joven. 10:17 - Pucho Olivencia understood politics but used them to bring something back to the community Pucho Olivencia understood politics. Many other community members wanted to stay away from them but Pucho used his knowledge to elevate the Hispanic community. Pucho Olivencia entendió las políticas. Muchos en la comunidad no querían entrar en ellas pero Pucho las usó para levantar la población hispana. 11:37 - We should have more elected officials Noemi believes that there should be more elected Hispanic officials. She shares her thoughts on recent and past elections and who represents the Hispanic community. Noemi cree que debe ser más oficiales elegidos hispanos en los políticos. Ella comparte sus pensamientos sobre las elecciones recientes y pasadas y quien representa la comunidad hispana. 12:58 - We didn't have Bustelo but we had Medaglia d'Oro Puerto Ricans didn't have access to traditional ethnic products at first but eventually local supermarkets started to sell Hispanic foods. They were never without what they needed but greatly appreciated it when they could purchase traditional foods. Los puertorriqueños no tenían acceso a los productos tradicionalmente hispanos pero eventualmente los supermercados empezaron a ofrecer los productos hispanos. Nunca les faltaron lo que necesitaron pero agradecieron muchísimo cuando estos productos empezaron a aparecer en los supermercados. 13:37 - The supermarkets started to provide Hispanic products and new stores popped up Once the Hispanic population became substantial, local supermarkets began to sell Hispanic products. Cuando las población hispana se puso substancial, los supermercados locales empezaron a vender productos hispanos. 15:11 - Restaurants were for single migrant workers Single migrant workers went to restaurants to purchase food since they didn't have a spouse to cook for them. Los trabajadores migrantes fueron a los restaurantes para comer porque no tenían alguien en casa para preparar la comida. 16:28 - You knew you were in a Puerto Rican home because you could smell the food Everyone knew they were in a Puerto Rican house by the smells that came from the kitchen. Puerto Rican families prepared traditional foods on a daily basis and their smells lingered in and around the houses. Todo el mundo sabía que estaba en una casa puertorriqueña por los olores que salían de las casas. Las familias puertorriqueñas preparaban la comida tradicional todos los días y los olores se quedaban dentro y alrededor de las casas. 17:22 - Applause for the Hispanic Veterans Memorial Noemi shares her congratulations for the Hispanic Veterans Memorial. She feels that it is an amazing achievement for the community. Noemi comparte sus felicidades para el Monumento de los Veteranos Hispanos. Ella cree que es un gran éxito para la comunidad. 18:30 - Gratitude for Alicia Pagan's legacy Noemi shares her gratitude for Alicia Pagan's legacy in Buffalo. Noemi comparte su gratitud para el legado de Alicia Pagan en Búfalo. 19:18 - Gratitude for the women who taught the arts to young girls Noemi shares her gratitude for the women who taught art classes to the young girls. She felt that this program was very inspirational to give these young girls this opportunity. Noemi comparte su gratitud para las mujeres que dieron clases de arte a las jóvenes. Ella cree que era muy inspiracional que las jóvenes tuvieron esa oportunidad. 21:07 - Lombardo has always been kind to Puerto Ricans Lombardo Funeral Home has always been very kind to Puerto Ricans. The Funeral Home would help families out who didn't have the financial resources to pay for a funeral. La Funeraria Lombardo ha siempre sido muy amigable a los puertorriqueños. La funeraria los ayudarían a los que no podían pagar los gastos del funeral. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Noemi Velazquez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Noemi Velazquez (Interviewee) Maritza Vega (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Noemi Velazquez took place on July 23, 2014 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Maritza Vega. Noemi was born in Puerto Rico and migrated with her family to Western New York. Noemi explains why so many Puerto Ricans migrated to the region as a result of Operation Bootstrap. She described the conditions in which they traveled and how they began to establish their own community. Like most Puerto Rican children, Noemi began her formal education at St. Lucy’s Elementary School until her parents learned about the public schools. As a child, Noemi was actively involved in a youth civic organization which influenced her future working with the community. Noemi’s grandfather started the largest Pentecostal Church and a Cooperativa in Buffalo. Her family was very involved in the Pentecostal Church. The Cooperativa was also a huge part of their life and was based on community memberships. Noemi describes the history of different leaders in the community and their role in ameliorating the lives of Hispanics. Noemi also describes people outside of the Hispanic community who helped her community grow. Esta entrevista con Noemi Velázquez tomó lugar el 23 de julio de 2014 en Buffalo, NY y fue conducida por Maritza Vega. Noemi nació en Puerto Rico y migró con su familia a Nueva York del Oeste. Noemi explica por qué tantos puertorriqueños emigraron a la región como resultado de la Operación Obras de la Mano. Ella describe las condiciones en que ellos viajaron y como ellos empezaron a establecer su propia comunidad. Como tantos niños puertorriqueños, Noemi empezó su educación formal en la Escuela Primaria de Santa Lucía hasta cuando sus padres aprendieron sobre las escuelas públicas. Como niña, Noemi fue involucrada activamente en una organización cívica juvenil la cual influyó su futuro trabajando en la comunidad. El abuelo de Noemi fundó la iglesia pentecostal más grande y una cooperativa en Búfalo. Su familia era muy involucrada en la iglesia pentecostal. La cooperativa era una parte grandísima también de su vida y fue basada en la afiliación de la comunidad. Noemi describe la historia de algunos de los líderes y lo que hicieron para mejorar las vidas de la comunidad hispana. Noemi también describe la gente afuera de la comunidad hispana que ayudó crecer a la población hispana. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-07-23 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English/Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Family Migration http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/2f444f84f201e1109712513ed5683269.mp3 5822c78885878b7feb8d84f86dfe207c http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/11099e08c150c8dd5b05d003d508d0f6.pdf 7d109601a3466a882e99f78a1541a0f1 PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Ana Velazquez Interview Location: Her Home Interview Date: 9/6/2013 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: Executive Summary: This interview with Ana Velazquez took place on September 6, 2013 in Orchard Park, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Ana Velazquez grew up in Texas with her family until they later moved to Bay City, Michigan where her parents found new employment. After living in Michigan for a while, her family then migrated to Buffalo where they established their home. The Velazquez family always maintained their cultural roots and made sure to pass that value on to their children because they are very proud of where they came from. Ana and her daughter discuss some of the challenges they faced growing up while seeking education, employment and respect in the community. They attended an English-only school and quickly assimilated into an English speaking environment. The family was actively involved in the Mexican Social Club and attended many events there. Ana also discusses how important Doña Lola and Doña Petra were to the community. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Ana Velázquez tomó lugar el 6 de septiembre de 2013 en Orchard Park, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Ana Velázquez se creció en Tejas con su familia y más tarde se mudó a Bay City, Michigan donde sus padres encontraron nuevo empleo. Después de vivir en Michigan por un rato, su familia luego migró a Búfalo donde estableció su hogar. La familia Velázquez siempre mantenía sus raíces culturales y se aseguró de que sus hijos también las celebraban porque están muy orgullosa de donde vino. Ana y su hija habla de algunos de los desafíos que enfrentaron durante sus juventud mientras buscaban la educación, el empleo y el respeto general dentro de la comunidad. Ellas asistieron a una escuela de solo anglosajona y rápidamente se asimilaron al ambiente anglosajón. La familia fue muy activa en el Club Social �Mexicano y asistieron a muchos eventos ahí. Ana también habla de como importante Doña Lola y Doña Petra eran en la comunidad. Story Clips: 0:32 - Ana Velazquez Introduces Herself Ana introduces herself. Ana se nos presenta. 1:45 - Ana's Childhood in Texas Ana talks about her early childhood in Texas and how her family made a living. Ana habla de su niñez y como su familia ganó la vida. 3:48 - The Move from Texas to Michigan Ana remembers her father buying a house in Texas and later on in Bay City, Michigan. Ana recuerda que su padre compró una casa en Tejas y luego compró otra en Bay City, Michigan y se mudó. 4:58 - Ana's Roots Ana and her daughter talk about the roots of their family. Ana y su hija hablan de las raíces de su familia. Roots 6:48 - Feeling Proud to be American, But Never Forgetting One's Ana and her daughter are proud to be Americans, but they do not forget their heritage. Ana y su hija están orgullosas de ser estadounidenses, pero no se olvidan de su herencia. 7:29 - Waiting for the Signal Ana tells us how her husband's brother got him a job at the steel plant in Buffalo. After he got the job, he sent for Ana and their children to move to Buffalo. �Ana nos cuenta cómo su cuñado encontró un trabajo para su marido en una planta de acero en Búfalo. Después de que el consiguió el trabajo, mandó por Ana y su familia a mudarse a Búfalo. 9:05 - Going to school in Lackawanna and needing family involvement Ana’s daughter reflects back on what it was like to be a young Spanish speaker attending an all-English school for the first time. Ana and her daughter also recall when Ana was extremely sick and her daughter had to stay with her godparents. They explain the role of the godparents in the Hispanic community. Her daughter also discusses a time when she experienced discrimination at school. La hija de Ana piensa en cómo se sintió como una hispanohablante asistiendo a un colegio americano por primera vez. Ana y su hija recuerdan cuando Ana estaba enferma, y su hija vivió con sus padrinos por un rato. Ellas explican el papel de los padrinos en la comunidad hispana. Su hija también menciona una vez cuando experimentó la discriminación por una maestra suya. 11:40 - The general demographics of Lackawanna in the 50s-60s Ana's daughter talks about the wide variety of ethnicities that were represented in Lackawanna at this time. La hija de Ana habla de la variedad amplia de grupos étnicos que vivían en Lackawanna durante este tiempo. 12:31 - Some examples of jobs available to Ana's family Ana and her daughter talk about how many of the hispanic men they knew, worked at Bethlehem Steel Company and that her aunt worked at Catholic Charities. Ana would travel to Dunkirk and North Collins to find work at farms. Ana y su hija dicen que muchos hombres hispanos que conocían trabajaban en Bethlehem Steel y que su tía trabajaba en Caridades Católicas. Ana viajaba a Dunkirk y a North Collins para buscar trabajo en las granjas. 13:57 - A friend in North Collins throws a baby shower for Ana �Ana talks about how she felt like she was treated well in North Collins and gives an example of someone throwing her a baby shower. Ana habla de su experiencia positiva cuando estaba trabajando en North Collins y da un ejemplo de cuando alguien ahí le dio una fiesta para el nacimiento del bebé para Ana. 14:52 - Racist experience in Texas Ana's daughter remembers a family trip they took to Texas to visit their grandparents and how she and her siblings wanted to go into a general store but couldn't because there were white children inside. La hija de Ana recuerda una vez cuando ella y su familia fueron a Tejas para visitar a sus abuelos. Un día, todos los niños fueron a una tienda general pero no pudieron entrar porque hubo niños blancos en la tienda. 18:50 - Involvement in the Hispanic Community Ana and her daughter remember being involved in the Hispanic community through the Mexican Club and they also remember celebrating festivals and holidays like the slaughter. Ana y su hija recuerdan su participación en la comunidad hispana a través del Club Social Mexicano y también recuerdan la celebración de algunas fiestas como la matanza de un cerdo. 19:33 - Specific details about the social club's role in the community Ana's daughter tells about the Mexican Club and what types of activities took place there. La hija de Ana cuenta del Centro Social Mexicano y cuales actividades tomaban lugar allí. 23:58 - The Mexican Women's Club Ana and her daughter talk about the Mexican Women's Club. Ana y su hija hablan del Club de Mujeres Mexicanas. 24:38 - How did Ana and her family end up in Buffalo? �Ana and her daughter talk about how they got to Buffalo and what the community was like in the 1960s. Ana y su hija cuentan cómo llegaron a Búfalo y como fue la comunidad durante los sesenta. follow 26:38 - The desire to pass down culture to generations that Ana and her daughter talk about how they keep their culture alive. Ana y su hija hablan de la manera en que mantienen la cultura suya. 33:12 - Mexican Club Groundbreaking Ceremony Ana and her daughter reflect back on the groundbreaking ceremony for the Mexican Club. Ana y su hija reflexionan sobre la ceremonia de inauguración para el Centro Social Mexicano. 36:20 - The Wonderful Doña Lola Ana and her daughter remember Aunt Lola, a special and influential woman in their lives and in the community. Ana y su hija recuerdan Doña (Tía) Lola, una mujer especial e influyente en sus vidas y en la comunidad. 40:38 - Doña Petra Ana and her daughter talk about Doña Petra and how she was involved in their lives. Ana y su hija hablan de Doña Petra y como ella estaba involucrada en sus vidas. 49:15 - Cultural differences with regards to mealtime Ana's daughter remembers having meals where anyone who was at their house at the time would be invited to stay and eat with them. La hija de Ana recuerda cuando había otras personas en la casa a la hora de comer, siempre estaban invitados a comer con su familia. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Orchard Park, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 47:49 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:32 - Ana Velazquez Introduces Herself Ana introduces herself. Ana se nos presenta. 1:45 - Ana's Childhood in Texas Ana talks about her early childhood in Texas and how her family made a living. Ana habla de su niñez y como su familia ganó la vida. 3:48 - The Move from Texas to Michigan Ana remembers her father buying a house in Texas and later on in Bay City, Michigan. Ana recuerda que su padre compró una casa en Tejas y luego compró otra en Bay City, Michigan y se mudó. 4:58 - Ana's Roots Ana and her daughter talk about the roots of their family. Ana y su hija hablan de las raíces de su familia. 6:48 - Feeling Proud to be American, But Never Forgetting One's Roots Ana and her daughter are proud to be Americans, but they do not forget their heritage. Ana y su hija están orgullosas de ser estadounidenses, pero no se olvidan de su herencia. 7:29 - Waiting for the Signal Ana tells us how her husband's brother got him a job at the steel plant in Buffalo. After he got the job, he sent for Ana and their children to move to Buffalo. Ana nos cuenta cómo su cuñado encontró un trabajo para su marido en una planta de acero en Búfalo. Después de que el consiguió el trabajo, mandó por Ana y su familia a mudarse a Búfalo. 9:05 - Going to school in Lackawanna and needing family involvement Ana’s daughter reflects back on what it was like to be a young Spanish speaker attending an all-English school for the first time. Ana and her daughter also recall when Ana was extremely sick and her daughter had to stay with her godparents. They explain the role of the godparents in the Hispanic community. Her daughter also discusses a time when she experienced discrimination at school. La hija de Ana piensa en cómo se sintió como una hispanohablante asistiendo a un colegio americano por primera vez. Ana y su hija recuerdan cuando Ana estaba enferma, y su hija vivió con sus padrinos por un rato. Ellas explican el papel de los padrinos en la comunidad hispana. Su hija también menciona una vez cuando experimentó la discriminación por una maestra suya. 11:40 - The general demographics of Lackawanna in the 50s-60s Ana's daughter talks about the wide variety of ethnicities that were represented in Lackawanna at this time. La hija de Ana habla de la variedad amplia de grupos étnicos que vivían en Lackawanna durante este tiempo. 12:31 - Some examples of jobs available to Ana's family Ana and her daughter talk about how many of the hispanic men they knew, worked at Bethlehem Steel Company and that her aunt worked at Catholic Charities. Ana would travel to Dunkirk and North Collins to find work at farms. Ana y su hija dicen que muchos hombres hispanos que conocían trabajaban en Bethlehem Steel y que su tía trabajaba en Caridades Católicas. Ana viajaba a Dunkirk y a North Collins para buscar trabajo en las granjas. 13:57 - A friend in North Collins throws a baby shower for Ana Ana talks about how she felt like she was treated well in North Collins and gives an example of someone throwing her a baby shower. Ana habla de su experiencia positiva cuando estaba trabajando en North Collins y da un ejemplo de cuando alguien ahí le dio una fiesta para el nacimiento del bebé para Ana. 14:52 - Racist experience in Texas Ana's daughter remembers a family trip they took to Texas to visit their grandparents and how she and her siblings wanted to go into a general store but couldn't because there were white children inside. La hija de Ana recuerda una vez cuando ella y su familia fueron a Tejas para visitar a sus abuelos. Un día, todos los niños fueron a una tienda general pero no pudieron entrar porque hubo niños blancos en la tienda. 18:50 - Involvement in the Hispanic Community Ana and her daughter remember being involved in the Hispanic community through the Mexican Club and they also remember celebrating festivals and holidays like the slaughter. Ana y su hija recuerdan su participación en la comunidad hispana a través del Club Social Mexicano y también recuerdan la celebración de algunas fiestas como la matanza de un cerdo. 19:33 - Specific details about the social club's role in the community Ana's daughter tells about the Mexican Club and what types of activities took place there. La hija de Ana cuenta del Centro Social Mexicano y cuales actividades tomaban lugar allí. 23:58 - The Mexican Women's Club Ana and her daughter talk about the Mexican Women's Club. Ana y su hija hablan del Club de Mujeres Mexicanas. 24:38 - How did Ana and her family end up in Buffalo? Ana and her daughter talk about how they got to Buffalo and what the community was like in the 1960s. Ana y su hija cuentan cómo llegaron a Búfalo y como fue la comunidad durante los sesenta. 26:38 - The desire to pass down culture to generations that follow Ana and her daughter talk about how they keep their culture alive. Ana y su hija hablan de la manera en que mantienen la cultura suya. 33:12 - Mexican Club Groundbreaking Ceremony Ana and her daughter reflect back on the groundbreaking ceremony for the Mexican Club. Ana y su hija reflexionan sobre la ceremonia de inauguración para el Centro Social Mexicano. 36:20 - The Wonderful Doña Lola Ana and her daughter remember Aunt Lola, a special and influential woman in their lives and in the community. Ana y su hija recuerdan Doña (Tía) Lola, una mujer especial e influyente en sus vidas y en la comunidad. 40:38 - Doña Petra Ana and her daughter talk about Doña Petra and how she was involved in their lives. Ana y su hija hablan de Doña Petra y como ella estaba involucrada en sus vidas. 49:15 - Cultural differences with regards to mealtime Ana's daughter remembers having meals where anyone who was at their house at the time would be invited to stay and eat with them. La hija de Ana recuerda cuando había otras personas en la casa a la hora de comer, siempre estaban invitados a comer con su familia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ana Velazquez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ana Velazquez (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Ana Velazquez took place on September 6, 2013 in Orchard Park, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Ana Velazquez grew up in Texas with her family until they later moved to Bay City, Michigan where her parents found new employment. After living in Michigan for a while, her family then migrated to Buffalo where they established their home. The Velazquez family always maintained their cultural roots and made sure to pass that value on to their children because they are very proud of where they came from. Ana and her daughter discuss some of the challenges they faced growing up while seeking education, employment and respect in the community. They attended an English-only school and quickly assimilated into an English speaking environment. The family was actively involved in the Mexican Social Club and attended many events there. Ana also discusses how important Doña Lola and Doña Petra were to the community. Esta entrevista con Ana Velázquez tomó lugar el 6 de septiembre de 2013 en Orchard Park, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Ana Velázquez se creció en Tejas con su familia y más tarde se mudó a Bay City, Michigan donde sus padres encontraron nuevo empleo. Después de vivir en Michigan por un rato, su familia luego migró a Búfalo donde estableció su hogar. La familia Velázquez siempre mantenía sus raíces culturales y se aseguró de que sus hijos también las celebraban porque están muy orgullosa de donde vino. Ana y su hija habla de algunos de los desafíos que enfrentaron durante sus juventud mientras buscaban la educación, el empleo y el respeto general dentro de la comunidad. Ellas asistieron a una escuela de solo anglosajona y rápidamente se asimilaron al ambiente anglosajón. La familia fue muy activa en el Club Social Mexicano y asistieron a muchos eventos ahí. Ana también habla de como importante Doña Lola y Doña Petra eran en la comunidad. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-09-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English/Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Education Family Religion http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/4211103816f8af229c6d4a53bb28852a.mp3 d3c5d171e8416d4a2164136af0ff4af4 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/edcf12232bfdf48e3d5f1bc54b4603c0.pdf 0605d8bc0e3b0724a2607989b7b7e89a PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Alicia Portugues Interview Location: Buffalo, NY Interview Date: Interview Conducted by: Maritza Vega Length: 10:15 Executive Summary: This interview with Alicia Portugues was conducted by Maritza Vega in Buffalo, NY. Alicia Portugues migrated to Buffalo with her family. Alicia focuses her interview on where she grew up in Buffalo and her time with at the Mexican Club. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Alicia Portugues fue conducida por Maritza Vega en Búfalo, NY. Alicia Portugues emigró a Búfalo con su familia. Alicia enfoca su entrevista en donde ella se crecía en Búfalo y su tiempo en el Club Mexicano. Story Clips: 0:12 - Alicia Portugues Introduces Herself Alicia introduces herself. Alicia se nos presenta. 1:02 - How Alicia Portugues Came to Buffalo Alicia tells us how she came to Buffalo. Alicia nos cuenta cómo vino a Búfalo. 1:48 - An Introduction to the Mexican Club Alicia talks about going to the Mexican Club with her family and what they would do there. Alicia habla de su tiempo al Club Mexicano con su familia y lo que hicieron cuando estaban allí. � 2:44 - Alicia Portugues's Work Experience Alicia talks about her work experience at Open House Commissary. Alicia habla de su experiencia cuando trabajó en Open House Commissary. 3:25 - Alicia Portugues's First Apartment in Buffalo Alicia tells us how her brother found her an apartment. Alicia nos cuenta cómo su hermano la encontró un apartamento. 4:12 - Endwell & Company there. Alicia talks about another job she had and how she was paid very well Alicia habla de otro trabajo que tuvo y que ganó mucho dinero. 4:38 - Living Across from the Pucho Olivencia Center Alicia remembers moving to Genesee Street and living across the street from the Pucho Olivencia Center. She tells us about the community there. Alicia acuerda su mudanza a Genesee Street y que vivió enfrente del Pucho Olivencia Center. Ella nos cuenta un poco sobre la comunidad allí. 5:34 - Moving to Oak Street Alicia moved again, this time to Oak Street, and tells about the neighborhood there. She also mentions that this residence is now the Community Mission. Alicia se mudó otra vez, pero esta vez a Oak Street, y nos cuenta sobre el vecindario allí. También menciona que ahora esta residencia es el Community Mission. � 6:15 - Details about the Mexican Club Alicia remembers a time when she sang at the Mexican Club. Alicia acuerda una vez cuando cantó en el Centro Social Mexicano 8:56 - Feeling Lost in Buffalo Today Alicia says that she feels lost in Buffalo today because everything has changed since she first came here. She also says that she moved back to New York City for a short time. Alicia dice que ahora está perdida en Búfalo porque todo ha cambiado desde cuando se mudó aquí. También dice que por un rato, volvió a Nueva York. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 10:15 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:12 - Alicia Portugues Introduces Herself Alicia introduces herself. Alicia se nos presenta. 1:02 - How Alicia Portugues Came to Buffalo Alicia tells us how she came to Buffalo. Alicia nos cuenta cómo vino a Búfalo. 1:48 - An Introduction to the Mexican Club Alicia talks about going to the Mexican Club with her family and what they would do there. Alicia habla de su tiempo al Club Mexicano con su familia y lo que hicieron cuando estaban allí. 2:44 - Alicia Portugues's Work Experience Alicia talks about her work experience at Open House Commissary. Alicia habla de su experiencia cuando trabajó en Open House Commissary. 3:25 - Alicia Portugues's First Apartment in Buffalo Alicia tells us how her brother found her an apartment. Alicia nos cuenta cómo su hermano la encontró un apartamento. 4:12 - Endwell & Company Alicia talks about another job she had and how she was paid very well there. Alicia habla de otro trabajo que tuvo y que ganó mucho dinero. 4:38 - Living Across from the Pucho Olivencia Center Alicia remembers moving to Genesee Street and living across the street from the Pucho Olivencia Center. She tells us about the community there. Alicia acuerda su mudanza a Genesee Street y que vivió enfrente del Pucho Olivencia Center. Ella nos cuenta un poco sobre la comunidad allí. 5:34 - Moving to Oak Street Alicia moved again, this time to Oak Street, and tells about the neighborhood there. She also mentions that this residence is now the Community Mission. Alicia se mudó otra vez, pero esta vez a Oak Street, y nos cuenta sobre el vecindario allí. También menciona que ahora esta residencia es el Community Mission. 6:15 - Details about the Mexican Club Alicia remembers a time when she sang at the Mexican Club. Alicia acuerda una vez cuando cantó en el Centro Social Mexicano 8:56 - Feeling Lost in Buffalo Today Alicia says that she feels lost in Buffalo today because everything has changed since she first came here. She also says that she moved back to New York City for a short time. Alicia dice que ahora está perdida en Búfalo porque todo ha cambiado desde cuando se mudó aquí. También dice que por un rato, volvió a Nueva York. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alicia Portugues Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Portugues (Interviewee) Maritza Vega (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Alicia Portugues was conducted by Maritza Vega in Buffalo, NY. Alicia Portugues migrated to Buffalo with her family. Alicia focuses her interview on where she grew up in Buffalo and her time with at the Mexican Club. Esta entrevista con Alicia Portugues fue conducida por Maritza Vega en Búfalo, NY. Alicia Portugues emigró a Búfalo con su familia. Alicia enfoca su entrevista en donde ella se crecía en Búfalo y su tiempo en el Club Mexicano. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-08-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English/Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Family Migration http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/34476fc540712d8ffb222234a2f5285d.mp3 f924da4aac53993554d293c96cabde9b http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/ca758298d53cb189112ea5dfe910a4ce.pdf 6d90eb076c6e4174623bec96e2437ada PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Alicia Granto Interview Location: Buffalo, NY Interview Date: 8/26/2013 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 1:45:44 Executive Summary: This interview with Alicia Granto took place on August 26, 2013 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Alicia was born in Cuba but later migrated with her family to Niagara Falls, NY. Alicia was fifteen years old when she first arrived and admitted that the transition from Cuba to the United States was challenging. At the time there were only two Cuban families living in Niagara Falls so many people didn’t really know about her culture. Alicia describes her time living in Niagara Falls where she met her first husband and raised her family. She explains that having a strong work ethic really helped her succeed especially considering she faced so many challenges. Eventually, Alicia moved to Buffalo where she became involved in the Hispanic community and she took a job at Buffalo State College where she helped develop a program to encourage Hispanic students to attend the university. It was called the Latino Extravaganza. In addition to recruiting students at Buffalo State College, she became a part of the Hispanic Women’s League which is a non-profit organization that awards scholarships to Hispanic women and encourages them to attend local universities. Alicia explains how women apply for the scholarship and that the organization really wants to encourage Hispanic women to be more than just homemakers. Alicia also discusses various aspects of the Hispanic community in Buffalo and different community events that still take place today. Alicia is very proud of her roots and feels it is important to maintain them. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Alicia Granto tomó lugar el 26 de agosto de 2013 en Búfalo, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Alicia nació en Cuba pero más tarde migró con su familia a Niagara Falls, NY. Alicia tuvo quince años cuando ella llegó ahí y admitió que la transición de Cuba a los Estados Unidos fue difícil. Al momento hubo �solamente dos familias cubanas viviendo en Niagara Falls entonces mucha gente no conocía la cultura. Alicia describe su vida viviendo en Niagara Falls donde primero conoció a su esposo y creció a su familia. Ella explica que su ético de trabajo la ayudó fuertemente a lograr sus metas especialmente porque ella se encontró enfrente de muchos desafíos. Eventualmente, Alicia se mudó a Búfalo donde ella se involucró en la comunidad hispana y tomó un puesto a Buffalo State College donde ella ayudó a desarrollar un programa para animar a los estudiantes hispanos que asisten a la universidad. Se nombró el Latin Extravaganza. En adición al reclutar a los estudiantes a Buffalo State College, ella se puso miembro de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas, la cual es una organización sin ganas de lucro que les regala becas a mujeres hispanas y les anima asistir a una universidad local. Alicia explica cómo las mujeres se solicitan a la beca que sean más que amos de casa. Alicia también los varios aspectos de la comunidad hispana en Búfalo y los eventos diferentes de la comunidad que todavía toman lugar hoy en día. Alicia es muy orgullosa de sus raíces y siente que es importante mantenerlas. Story Clips: 0:15 - Introduction of Alicia Granto Alicia tells us she is from Cuba and tells us that she lived in Niagara Falls. Alicia nos cuenta que es de Cuba y que vivió en Niagara Falls. 1:00 - The Transition to Niagara Falls Alicia moved here when she was 15 and found the transition to be challenging. She did not think that her and her family would be living here for very long, but due to political unrest, they stayed in the United States. She was the only hispanic student at Niagara Falls High School at the time. Alicia se mudó aquí cuando tuvo 15 años y pensó que la transición fue muy difícil. Pensaba que su familia no iba a estar en Niagara Falls por tanto tiempo, pero por causa de la inquietud política, se quedaron en los Estados Unidos. En este tiempo, ella fue la única estudiante hispana en Niagara Falls High School. 2:23 - Alicia Granto's Siblings �Alicia says that she has a brother that lives in New York City and an older sister that was mentally handicapped that always lived with her parents. Alicia dice que tiene un hermano que vive en la Ciudad de Nueva York y una hermana mayor que siempre vivía con necesidades especiales. 3:08 - Life at Niagara Falls High School Alicia had some nice friends in high school that were curious about her background and they were a great help to her because being one of only two Cuban families in Niagara Falls was not easy. Alicia tuvo unos amigos simpáticos en la escuela secundaria que también estaban curiosos sobre su origen y la ayudaban mucho porque su familia estaba una de las dos familias cubanas en Niagara Falls y no era tan fácil. 4:36 - How Work Ethic Can Make You Successful Alicia says that neither of her parents had a lot of money, but they had a great work ethic. Her father was the first one in his family to go to college and in Cuba, he had a job working in the law department at the University of Santiago, but after Castro took over, things began to change. Alicia dice que ninguno de sus padres tuvieron mucho dinero, pero sí tuvieron una buena ética laboral. Su padre fue la primera persona en su familia que estudió en la universidad y luego, en Cuba, tuvo un trabajo en el departamento de derechos en la Universidad de Santiago, pero después de cuando Castro tomó el poder, todo empezó a cambiar. 7:09 - Alicia Establishes Her Family in Niagara Falls Alicia tells us how she fell in love with her ex-husband in Niagara Falls and that they had 5 children and lived on Pine Ave. She tells us that her mother got a teaching job at Gaskill and her father, who spoke little English, could not find a job, so he was a stay at home dad. After some time, her parents moved to New York City, and she stayed in Niagara Falls. Alicia nos cuenta que se enamoró de su ex esposo en Niagara Falls, tuvieron cinco hijos y vivieron en la avenida de Pine. Ella nos cuenta �que su madre fue una maestra en Gaskill Prep y su padre, que habló muy poco inglés, no podía conseguir un trabajo, entonces se quedaba en casa con los hijos. Después de un rato, sus padres se mudaron a la Ciudad de Nueva York, y ella se quedó en Niagara Falls. 9:14 - More Cuban Than Italian Alicia explains that her husband owned Granto's Restaurant and that he wanted to try to fit in with her family, so he learned Spanish. Alicia explica que su esposo fue el dueño del restaurante Granto's y que quiso encajar con la familia de ella, entonces aprendió español. 10:07 - Alicia Granto's Introduction to the Hispanic Women's League Alicia talks about how she first got involved with the Hispanic Women's League. Alicia habla de cómo comenzó a participar en la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas. 12:35 - Working for Ecos Borincanos Alicia tells us that she used to work for Ecos Borincanos for five years, a radio program based in Niagara Falls. Alicia nos cuenta que trabajaba para Ecos Borincanos por cinco años, un programa de radio basada en Niagara Falls. 14:42 - The Lack of Media Like Ecos Borincanos Alicia explains that there are no programs that exist today that have the same following as Ecos Borincanos did. Alicia explica que no hay ningún programa que existe hoy en día que tiene el mismo número de seguidores que tenía Ecos Borincanos. 15:27 - Granto's Latino Extravaganza at Buffalo State College Alicia talks about how she got a position as an academic advisor at Buffalo State College and how she felt very supported by the faculty and staff. She created an event called the Latino Extravaganza that was like an open house specifically geared towards Latino students. �Alicia habla de cómo consiguió su trabajo con Buffalo State College como una consejera y que se sintió muy apoyada por algunos de los empleados y la facultad. Ella creó un evento que se llama el Latino Extravaganza que fue como una jornada de puertas abiertas específicamente por estudiantes latinoamericanos. 17:40 - How the Latino Extravaganza Recruited Students Alicia explains in what ways the Latino Extravaganza was helpful in recruiting students to come to college. Alicia explica en cuáles maneras el Latino Extravaganza ayudó a reclutar a los estudiantes para venir a la universidad. 19:41- Problems With Latino Student Motivation Alicia describes the problem that she has faced with Latino students not feeling motivated to excel in their studies or to go to college. She talks about how some guidance counselors can be contributors to the problem. Alicia describe el problema que ha enfrentado con estudiantes latinos que no están motivados a tener éxito en la escuela ni asistir a la universidad. Ella dice que algunos consejeros pueden contribuir al problema. 23:13 - Latino Parents as a Contributor to Lack of Latino Student Motivation Alicia thinks that parents are a contributing factor to the lack of motivation in Latino students. Alicia cree que en las familias latinas, los padres contribuyen a la falta de motivación en sus hijos. 24:50 - Going from College to High School Alicia talks about her job at Buffalo State College and how it lead her to teach at the high school level instead. She found her niche after a bit of exploring. Alicia habla de su trabajo en la Universidad del Estado de Búfalo y cómo empieza a enseñar en un colegio. Ella encontró su nicho después de un poco de exploración. �26:16 - Motivating Parents to be More Involved Alicia explains the attitude that she had towards her teaching experience at Bennett High School. She tried to get parents motivated to be more active in their childrens' lives and acted as a liaison between the parents and guidance counselors. Alicia explica la actitud que tuvo hacia su experiencia en Bennett High School. Ella intentó a motivar a los padres a ser más involucrados en las vidas de sus hijos y también fue un intermediario entre los padres y los consejeros. 30:12 - A Motivated Hispanic Mother Receives Negative Criticism Alicia shares a positive example of a mother being involved in her child's life and the negative reaction that some of her colleagues had towards this mother. Alicia comparte un ejemplo positivo de una madre y su involucración en la vida de su hijo y la reacción que tuvieron algunos de sus colegas a esta madre. 31:42 - The Bias Against Latin Americans Alicia weighs in on why she thinks there is a bias towards Latin Americans and where it came from. She shares some personal experiences with this bias. Alicia da su opinión sobre porque hay un sesgo hacia los latinoamericanos y de donde viene. Ella comparte algunas experiencias personales con este sesgo. 33:40 - D. Bruce Johnstone - A Pioneer Alicia talks about how the president of Buffalo State, D. Bruce Johnstone, was a pioneer in opening the option of higher education to minority populations. She found him to be a great ally in her life and talks about the progression of the campus over the years. Alicia habla del presidente de Buffalo State y como él fue un pionero porque se presenta la opción de estudiar en un nivel universitario a las minorías. Ella piensa que él fue un aliado en su vida y habla de la progresión del campus a través de los años. �36:29 - Why Was Johnstone So Successful? Alicia says that Johnstone, Buffalo State College's president, was a confident person who felt comfortable in welcoming any and everyone who wanted to gain higher education. Alicia dice que Johnstone, el presidente de Buffalo State College, tenía mucha confianza y estaba cómodo dándole la bienvenida a cualquier persona que quería un alto nivel de educación. 38:28 - Alicia Granto's Involvement With The Hispanic Women's League Alicia has had a few mentors in her life that provided her with many opportunities to be involved with the Hispanic community, such as Juan Texidor and Blanca Rodriguez. She talks about the Hispanic Women's League, how she got involved with the organization, and what her involvement is today. Alicia ha tenido mentores en su vida, como Juan Texidor y Blanca Rodríguez, que le ha proveído muchas oportunidades de involucrarse con la comunidad hispana. Habla de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas, cómo se involucró con la organización y como está involucrada hoy en día. 41:40 - Dissatisfaction With Hispanic Politicians Alicia has had many experiences with politicians, both hispanic and non-hispanic, trying to gain support from the Hispanic Women's League. She expressed that she is dissatisfied with the lack of progression with hispanic politicians. Alicia ha tenido muchas experiencias con unos políticos, hispanos y no hispanos, que intentan a ganar el apoyo de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas. Ella expresa que está descontenta con la falta de progreso de los políticos hispanos en la comunidad. 44:07 - The Hispanic Women's League's Scholarships Alicia goes into detail about the amount of money and scholarships the Hispanic Women's League gives away each year. She says that she likes to read the applications because she likes to learn about the young women in the community. She also explains that the league used to give away another type of scholarship to men called the �incentive award, but due to lack of funds, they had to discontinue this scholarship. Alicia habla en detalle sobre la cantidad de dinero y becas que la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas asigna cada año. Dice que, a ella, le gusta leer las solicitudes porque le gusta aprender sobre las mujeres jóvenes en la comunidad. Ella también explica que la Liga asignaba un otro tipo de beca a los hombres que se llama el premio de incentivo, pero debido a la falta de fondos, tuvo que descontinuar esta beca. 47:15 - Providing Opportunities to Women of the Buffalo Metro Area Alicia says that the Hispanic Women's League focuses on providing opportunities and resources to the young women from the Buffalo metro area. Alicia dice que la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas enfoca en proveer las oportunidades y los recursos a las mujeres jóvenes del área metropolitana de Búfalo. 48:03 - Qualifications for a Scholarship In order to be qualified for a scholarship from the Hispanic Women's League, the student must show financial need, provide an academic record and two (2) letters of recommendation. Alicia explains why all these things are necessary. Para recibir una beca de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas, el estudiante tiene que demostrar la necesidad financiera, proveer un certificado de estudios y dos (2) cartas de recomendación. Alicia explica por qué todas de estas cosas son necesarios. 50:14 - "A Lack of Cohesion" There is one fault that the Hispanic Women's League has that Alicia addresses, which is that they do not track their scholarship recipients very diligently to find out if they have graduated and what types of jobs they are receiving. She thinks there is a lack of cohesion. Alicia also talks about the process that the scholarship committee goes through when choosing scholarship recipients. Una falla que tiene la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas es que ellas no monitorizan diligentemente los receptores de sus becas para �investigar si ellas se han graduado o cuales tipos de trabajos han encontrado. Ella piensa que hay una falta de cohesión. Alicia también habla del proceso de escoger los recipientes de becas. 52:24 - Where are the Scholarship Recipients Today Unofficially, Alicia has heard that some women have found jobs in the science field, as teachers and as social workers. Extraoficialmente, Alicia ha oído que algunas de las mujeres han encontrado trabajos en ramos como las ciencias, la educación y la asistencia social. 53:48 - Why Is Social Work Such a Popular Job for Latinos? There seems to be a high number of Latinos working in the social work field. Alicia says that many people see the need within the community and decide to go for these types of jobs in order to help people. Parece que hay muchos latinos que trabajan en el ramo de trabajo social. Alicia dice que muchas personas ven la necesidad dentro de la comunidad y deciden a buscar estos trabajos para que ayuden a la gente. 55:58 - Welcoming Women of All Ages The Hispanic Women's League welcomes women of all ages to apply for scholarships and attend college. Alicia says that they have had an increase in applicants that are non-traditional college student age. La Liga de Mujeres Hispanas animan a las mujeres de cualquier edad que se soliciten a las becas y asistir a la universidad. Alicia dice que han tenido un aumento en candidatos que no tienen la edad típica de un estudiante de la universidad. 57:36 - A Non-Traditional Latina Scholarship Recipient Alicia talks about one scholarship recipient in particular that wanted to get her interpreters license and she was in her late forties. Alicia habla de un recipiente de una beca que quería su licencia de intérprete. Ella estaba en sus últimos años cuarenta. 58:44 - A Decline in Donations �The Hispanic Women's League has seen a decline in donations due to the financial situation of our economy, but they still have plenty of motivation to continue to exist. La Liga de Mujeres Hispanas ha visto un disminución en donaciones debido a la situación económica de nuestra sociedad, pero todavía ellas tienen bastante motivación para existir. 59:49 - How Has the Hispanic Women's League Fundraised? Alicia talks about how the Hispanic Women's League has fundraised in the past, but that what they used to do does not seem to work well anymore. They need to come up with events that interest the younger population. Alicia habla de la manera en que la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas había recaudado fondos en el pasado, pero lo que hacían en el pasado no funciona ahora. Tienen que acoger eventos que apelan a la generación más joven. 1:07:03 -Not Appreciating Your Roots Alicia thinks that the younger generation does not always appreciate where their family comes from. She talks about how her parents made their living here and how they lived in Miami for some time. It was a challenge for them to come to Niagara Falls because it was a culture shock, especially for her father who only spoke spanish. Alicia piensa que la generación joven no siempre aprecia de donde vienen sus familias. Ella cuenta cómo sus padres se ganaban la vida aquí y que vivían en Miami por un rato. Fue un reto a irse a Niagara Falls porque la familia experimentaba un choque cultural, especialmente su padre que no habla inglés. 1:10:08 - Hardworking Families Are Humbling Alicia found the families that came here and worked factory jobs or farm jobs to be humbling. She explains that older Puerto Ricans were feeling offended that the younger Puerto Ricans were not as hardworking and did not have the same values as they did. This is the time when many misconceptions and stereotypes were formed because some of the younger hispanics would come to the United �States and immediately sign up for welfare instead of working hard to provide for their families. Alicia cree que las familias que venían aquí y trabajaban en fábricas o granjas son llenas de humildad. Explica que los puertorriqueños jóvenes ofendían a los viejos porque no trabajaron con la misma diligencia y no tuvieron los mismos valores que sus antepasados. En este tiempo, muchas ideas equivocadas y estereotipos estaban formados porque algunas de las personas hispanas venían a los Estados Unidos y inmediatamente se pidieron beneficios sociales en lugar de trabajar muy duro para proveer para sus familias. 1:12:21 - Buffalo: A Grease Pole Society The difference between the old and new generations of hispanics can be attributed to many things. For example, many groups of people do not want to see people outside of their nationality be successful. Alicia says that there is a very strong grease pole society in Buffalo, but not in other cities. La diferencia entre las dos generaciones de hispanos puede ser atribuida por muchas cosas. Por ejemplo, muchos grupos de personas no quieren ver personas exitosas fuera de su nacionalidad. Alicia dice que hay un sociedad de grease pole muy fuerte en Búfalo, pero no es así en otras ciudades. 1:17:46 - Lacking in Leadership In the Buffalo hispanic community there is a lack of leadership. According to Alicia, there needs to be someone that has integrity and the courage to confront challenges and speak up to get what latinos need. En la comunidad hispana de Búfalo hay una falta de liderazgo. Según Alicia, debe ser alguien que tenga honradez, el coraje de enfrentar retos y diga lo que piensa que los latinos necesitan para ser exitoso. 1:30:34 - How Alicia Granto Maintained Obedience in her Classroom Alicia explains how she used to maintain obedience in her classroom. Alicia explica cómo mantenía la obediencia en su aula. �1:33:10 - Parents Today Alicia talks about how she sees many parents acting today. Alicia habla de cómo se parece el comportamiento de algunos padres hoy en día. 1:36:42 - Take What You Can Get Alicia feels that if she can impact at least one student each year, she is content. She understands that it is nearly impossible to motivate an entire class and that the results of what she has taught may not be instantaneous. Alicia cree que si por lo menos pudiera impactar a uno estudiante cada año, estaría feliz. Ella entiende que es casi imposible motivar una clase entera y que el resultado de lo que ha enseñado no será instantáneo. 1:42:35 - A Motivational Scholarship Recipient There are people who received scholarships from the Hispanic Women's League that are still around today. Alicia mentions one student in particular that was an inspiration and that proved to people that she could do whatever she put her mind to. Hay personas que ganaron becas de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas que todavía están en Búfalo. Alicia menciona a un estudiante en particular que fue una inspiración y prueba que es posible lograr lo que quiere. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:45:44 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:15 - Introduction of Alicia Granto Alicia tells us she is from Cuba and tells us that she lived in Niagara Falls. 1:00 - The Transition to Niagara Falls Alicia moved here when she was 15 and found the transition to be challenging. She did not think that her and her family would be living here for very long, but due to political unrest, they stayed in the United States. She was the only hispanic student at Niagara Falls High School at the time. 2:23 - Alicia Granto's Siblings Alicia says that she has a brother that lives in New York City and an older sister that was mentally handicapped that always lived with her parents. 3:08 - Life at Niagara Falls High School Alicia had some nice friends in high school that were curious about her background and they were a great help to her because being one of only two Cuban families in Niagara Falls was not easy. 4:36 - How Work Ethic Can Make You Successful Alicia says that neither of her parents had a lot of money, but they had a great work ethic. Her father was the first one in his family to go to college and in Cuba, he had a job working in the law department at the University of Santiago, but after Castro took over, things began to change. 7:09 - Alicia Establishes Her Family in Niagara Falls Alicia tells us how she fell in love with her ex-husband in Niagara Falls and that they had 5 children and lived on Pine Ave. She tells us that her mother got a teaching job at Gaskill and her father, who spoke little English, could not find a job, so he was a stay at home dad. After some time, her parents moved to New York City, and she stayed in Niagara Falls. 9:14 - More Cuban Than Italian Alicia explains that her husband owned Granto's Restaurant and that he wanted to try to fit in with her family, so he learned Spanish. 10:07 - Alicia Granto's Introduction to the Hispanic Women's League Alicia talks about how she first got involved with the Hispanic Women's League. 12:35 - Working for Ecos Borincanos Alicia tells us that she used to work for Ecos Borincanos for five years, a radio program based in Niagara Falls. 14:42 - The Lack of Media Like Ecos Borincanos Alicia explains that there are no programs that exist today that have the same following as Ecos Borincanos did. 15:27 - Granto's Latino Extravaganza at Buffalo State College Alicia talks about how she got a position as an academic advisor at Buffalo State College and how she felt very supported by the faculty and staff. She created an event called the Latino Extravaganza that was like an open house specifically geared towards Latino students. 17:40 - How the Latino Extravaganza Recruited Students Alicia explains in what ways the Latino Extravaganza was helpful in recruiting students to come to college. 19:41- Problems With Latino Student Motivation Alicia describes the problem that she has faced with Latino students not feeling motivated to excel in their studies or to go to college. She talks about how some guidance counselors can be contributors to the problem. 23:13 - Latino Parents as a Contributor to Lack of Latino Student Motivation Alicia thinks that parents are a contributing factor to the lack of motivation in Latino students. 24:50 - Going from College to High School Alicia talks about her job at Buffalo State College and how it lead her to teach at the high school level instead. She found her niche after a bit of exploring. 26:16 - Motivating Parents to be More Involved Alicia explains the attitude that she had towards her teaching experience at Bennett High School. She tried to get parents motivated to be more active in their childrens' lives and acted as a liaison between the parents and guidance counselors. 30:12 - A Motivated Hispanic Mother Receives Negative Criticism Alicia shares a positive example of a mother being involved in her child's life and the negative reaction that some of her colleagues had towards this mother. 31:42 - The Bias Against Latin Americans Alicia weighs in on why she thinks there is a bias towards Latin Americans and where it came from. She shares some personal experiences with this bias. 33:40 - D. Bruce Johnstone - A Pioneer Alicia talks about how the president of Buffalo State, D. Bruce Johnstone, was a pioneer in opening the option of higher education to minority populations. She found him to be a great ally in her life and talks about the progression of the campus over the years. 36:29 - Why Was Johnstone So Successful? Alicia says that Johnstone, Buffalo State College's president, was a confident person who felt comfortable in welcoming any and everyone who wanted to gain higher education. 38:28 - Alicia Granto's Involvement With The Hispanic Women's League Alicia has had a few mentors in her life that provided her with many opportunities to be involved with the Hispanic community, such as Juan Texidor and Blanca Rodriguez. She talks about the Hispanic Women's League, how she got involved with the organization, and what her involvement is today. 41:40 - Dissatisfaction With Hispanic Politicians Alicia has had many experiences with politicians, both hispanic and non-hispanic, trying to gain support from the Hispanic Women's League. She expressed that she is dissatisfied with the lack of progression with hispanic politicians. 44:07 - The Hispanic Women's League's Scholarships Alicia goes into detail about the amount of money and scholarships the Hispanic Women's League gives away each year. She says that she likes to read the applications because she likes to learn about the young women in the community. She also explains that the league used to give away another type of scholarship to men called the incentive award, but due to lack of funds, they had to discontinue this scholarship. 47:15 - Providing Opportunities to Women of the Buffalo Metro Area Alicia says that the Hispanic Women's League focuses on providing opportunities and resources to the young women from the Buffalo metro area. 48:03 - Qualifications for a Scholarship In order to be qualified for a scholarship from the Hispanic Women's League, the student must show financial need, provide an academic record and two (2) letters of recommendation. Alicia explains why all these things are necessary. 50:14 - "A Lack of Cohesion" There is one fault that the Hispanic Women's League has that Alicia addresses, which is that they do not track their scholarship recipients very diligently to find out if they have graduated and what types of jobs they are receiving. She thinks there is a lack of cohesion. Alicia also talks about the process that the scholarship committee goes through when choosing scholarship recipients. 52:24 - Where are the Scholarship Recipients Today Unofficially, Alicia has heard that some women have found jobs in the science field, as teachers and as social workers. 53:48 - Why Is Social Work Such a Popular Job for Latinos? There seems to be a high number of Latinos working in the social work field. Alicia says that many people see the need within the community and decide to go for these types of jobs in order to help people. 55:58 - Welcoming Women of All Ages The Hispanic Women's League welcomes women of all ages to apply for scholarships and attend college. Alicia says that they have had an increase in applicants that are non-traditional college student age. 57:36 - A Non-Traditional Latina Scholarship Recipient Alicia talks about one scholarship recipient in particular that wanted to get her interpreters license and she was in her late forties. 58:44 - A Decline in Donations The Hispanic Women's League has seen a decline in donations due to the financial situation of our economy, but they still have plenty of motivation to continue to exist. 59:49 - How Has the Hispanic Women's League Fundraised? Alicia talks about how the Hispanic Women's League has fundraised in the past, but that what they used to do does not seem to work well anymore. They need to come up with events that interest the younger population. 1:07:03 -Not Appreciating Your Roots Alicia thinks that the younger generation does not always appreciate where their family comes from. She talks about how her parents made their living here and how they lived in Miami for some time. It was a challenge for them to come to Niagara Falls because it was a culture shock, especially for her father who only spoke spanish. 1:10:08 - Hardworking Families Are Humbling Alicia found the families that came here and worked factory jobs or farm jobs to be humbling. She explains that older Puerto Ricans were feeling offended that the younger Puerto Ricans were not as hardworking and did not have the same values as they did. This is the time when many misconceptions and stereotypes were formed because some of the younger hispanics would come to the United States and immediately sign up for welfare instead of working hard to provide for their families. 1:12:21 - Buffalo: A Grease Pole Society The difference between the old and new generations of hispanics can be attributed to many things. For example, many groups of people do not want to see people outside of their nationality be successful. Alicia says that there is a very strong grease pole society in Buffalo, but not in other cities. 1:17:46 - Lacking in Leadership In the Buffalo hispanic community there is a lack of leadership. According to Alicia, there needs to be someone that has integrity and the courage to confront challenges and speak up to get what latinos need. 1:30:34 - How Alicia Granto Maintained Obedience in her Classroom Alicia explains how she used to maintain obedience in her classroom. 1:33:10 - Parents Today Alicia talks about how she sees many parents acting today. 1:36:42 - Take What You Can Get Alicia feels that if she can impact at least one student each year, she is content. She understands that it is nearly impossible to motivate an entire class and that the results of what she has taught may not be instantaneous. 1:42:35 - A Motivational Scholarship Recipient There are people who received scholarships from the Hispanic Women's League that are still around today. Alicia mentions one student in particular that was an inspiration and that proved to people that she could do whatever she put her mind to. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alicia Granto Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Granto (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Alicia Granto took place on August 26, 2013 in Buffalo, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Alicia was born in Cuba but later migrated with her family to Niagara Falls, NY. Alicia was fifteen years old when she first arrived and admitted that the transition from Cuba to the United States was challenging. At the time there were only two Cuban families living in Niagara Falls so many people didn’t really know about her culture. Alicia describes her time living in Niagara Falls where she met her first husband and raised her family. She explains that having a strong work ethic really helped her succeed especially considering she faced so many challenges. Eventually, Alicia moved to Buffalo where she became involved in the Hispanic community and she took a job at Buffalo State College where she helped develop a program to encourage Hispanic students to attend the university. It was called the Latino Extravaganza. In addition to recruiting students at Buffalo State College, she became a part of the Hispanic Women’s League which is a non-profit organization that awards scholarships to Hispanic women and encourages them to attend local universities. Alicia explains how women apply for the scholarship and that the organization really wants to encourage Hispanic women to be more than just homemakers. Alicia also discusses various aspects of the Hispanic community in Buffalo and different community events that still take place today. Alicia is very proud of her roots and feels it is important to maintain them. Esta entrevista con Alicia Granto tomó lugar el 26 de agosto de 2013 en Búfalo, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Alicia nació en Cuba pero más tarde migró con su familia a Niagara Falls, NY. Alicia tuvo quince años cuando ella llegó ahí y admitió que la transición de Cuba a los Estados Unidos fue difícil. Al momento hubo solamente dos familias cubanas viviendo en Niagara Falls entonces mucha gente no conocía la cultura. Alicia describe su vida viviendo en Niagara Falls donde primero conoció a su esposo y creció a su familia. Ella explica que su ético de trabajo la ayudó fuertemente a lograr sus metas especialmente porque ella se encontró enfrente de muchos desafíos. Eventualmente, Alicia se mudó a Búfalo donde ella se involucró en la comunidad hispana y tomó un puesto a Buffalo State College donde ella ayudó a desarrollar un programa para animar a los estudiantes hispanos que asisten a la universidad. Se nombró el Latin Extravaganza. En adición al reclutar a los estudiantes a Buffalo State College, ella se puso miembro de la Liga de Mujeres Hispanas, la cual es una organización sin ganas de lucro que les regala becas a mujeres hispanas y les anima asistir a una universidad local. Alicia explica cómo las mujeres se solicitan a la beca que sean más que amos de casa. Alicia también los varios aspectos de la comunidad hispana en Búfalo y los eventos diferentes de la comunidad que todavía toman lugar hoy en día. Alicia es muy orgullosa de sus raíces y siente que es importante mantenerlas. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-08-26 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Education Empowerment http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/e6e64843e3833ad1f3b1f21f550747aa.mp3 3cebf556d3ff3aee2670210bc93f1862 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/51bc2208d29ff8a0f4da42a6b1f87c2a.pdf 56a71849d9fb01063bc59941a383986d PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Rosa Aviles Interview Location: Lackawanna Public Library, Lackawanna, NY Interview Date: September 13, 2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 0:35:14 Executive Summary This interview with Rosa Aviles took place on September 13, 2012 at the Lackawanna Public Library and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Rosa Aviles was born in Puerto Rico and moved to Buffalo at the age of 10 years old in 1953. She attended the Immaculata Academy, Buffalo State College and later began working for the Lackawanna Health Center as a social worker. She worked for the county for 30 years before retiring. Her brothers and father all sought employment at Bethlehem Steel and on the nearby farms. The family temporarily relocated to Utica, NY where her brothers and father were employed at Utica Radiators until they realized there were more opportunities in Buffalo at Bethlehem Steel. She vividly remembers the Church being an integral aspect of her childhood. She and her family actively participated in Church events and found it to be a place for them to be a part of a community. Rosa shares stories from her childhood and especially emphasizes how grateful she is for growing up in a Spanish speaking community and for being able to assimilate into American culture easily through her formal education in an English-only school. Upon completing her formal secondary education, Rosa entered the workforce as a social worker and spent much of her life working and helping people within the Hispanic community. She loved helping people and even extended her services to other Hispanic organizations in the city. All of Rosa’s stories offer an opportunity for her to reflect on the many ways different religious and community organizations made it possible for the Hispanic community to unite and enjoy each other’s company. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Rosa Aviles tomó lugar el 13 de septiembre de 2012 a la biblioteca pública en Lackawanna y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Rosa Aviles nació en Puerto Rico y se mudó a Búfalo a la edad de 10 años en el año 1953. Ella �asistió a la Academia de Immaculata, Buffalo State College y más tarde empezó a trabajar para Lackawanna Health Center como trabajadora social. Ella trabajó para el condado por 30 años antes de jubilarse. Sus hermanos y su padre buscaron empleo a bethlehem Steel y a las granjas vecinas. La familia temporalmente se mudaron a Utica, NY donde sus hermanos y su padre fueron empleados a Utica Radiators hasta cuando se dieron cuenta que había más oportunidades en Búfalo a Bethlehem Steel. Ella recuerda vívidamente que la Iglesia era un aspecto integral de sus niñez. Ella y su familia participaban activamente en los eventos de la Iglesia y la encontraron un lugar para ser parte de la comunidad. Rosa comparte unas historias de su niñez y especialmente enfatiza su gratitud de crecer en una comunidad hispano hablante y por ser capaz de asimilarse fácilmente en la cultura estadounidense por sus educación formal en una escuela solo anglosajona. A parte de completar su educación secundaria formal, Rosa entró a la fuerza laboral como trabajadora social y pasó mucho de su vida ayudando a la gente dentro de la comunidad hispana. Ella amaba a ayudar a la gente y aun extendió sus servicios a las otras organizaciones hispanas en la ciudad. Todas de las historias de Rosa le ofrecen la oportunidad de reflejar en las varias maneras en que las organizaciones religiosas y de la comunidad le han hecho posible para la comunidad hispana unirse y disfrutar de la compañía de cada uno. Story Clips: 0:22 - Rosa introduces herself Rosa introduces herself. She was born in Puerto Rico but was educated up in Buffalo. She went to Buffalo State College for 2 years before entering the job force. Rosa se presenta. Ella nació en Puerto Rico pero terminó su educación formal en Búfalo. Ella asistió a Buffalo State College por 2 años antes de entrar la fuerza de labor. Center 0:53 - Rosa works as a social worker at the Lackawanna Health Rosa worked for the Lackawanna Health Center as a social worker for 30 years. Rosa trabajó para el Centro de Salud de Lackawanna como una trabajadora social por 30 años. �1:40 - Rosa's family came to Western New York to work on the farms in Eden, NY Rosa's family moved to Western New York in search of work on the farms in Eden, NY. She had a relative named Jaime who was already working here. They then moved to Utica, NY. La familia de Rosa se mudó a Nueva York del Oeste en búsqueda de trabajo en las granjas de Eden, NY. Ella tuvo un pariente llamado Jaime que ya trabajaba aquí. Luego, ellos se mudaron a Utica, NY. 2:11 - The family moved back to Buffalo to work for Bethlehem Her brother moved back to Buffalo in search of a job at Bethlehem Steel Steel. Su hermano volvió a vivir a Búfalo en búsqueda de un puesto a Bethlehem Steel. 2:32 - Father and brothers work for Utica Radiators Rosa's father and brothers worked at Utica Radiators and after an unknown event, her brother decided to return to Buffalo in pursuit of another job. El padre de Rosa y sus hermanos trabajaron a Utica Radiators y después de un evento desconocido, uno de sus hermanos decidió a volver a Búfalo en perseguida de otro puesto. 3:12 - Family returns to Buffalo Rosa's father and brother worked at Utica Radiators for 4 years until the plant closed and then they both returned to Buffalo to work at Ford Motor Plant. El padre de Rosa y su hermano trabajaron a Utica Radiators por 4 años hasta cuando la fábrica se cerró y luego ambos de ellos volvieron a Búfalo para trabajar a Ford Motor Plant. 3:44 - Poor working conditions in various factories �Rosa describes the poor working conditions of various factories in both Utica and Buffalo. Despite losing her mother, her father continued to work hard and encouraged his children to attend school. Rosa describe las pobres condiciones del trabajo de varias factorías en ambos Utica y Búfalo. A pesar de perder su madre, su padre siguió trabajando fuerte y les animó a sus hijos que asistan a la escuela. 4:34 - Father has a heart attack on the job Rosa's father had a major heart attack at the plant and was taken to Buffalo General Hospital for open heart surgery in 1975. After, he moved back to Puerto Rico where he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He passed away 5 months later. El padre de Rosa tuvo un infarto a la planta y fue transportado a Buffalo General Hospital para una cirugía de corazón abierto en el año 1975. Después, regresó a Puerto Rico donde recibió la diagnóstica que tuvo cáncer de los pulmones. Se falleció 5 años más tarde. 7:01 - Family was denied social services Rosa grew up in a modest family. They never had a lot of money but they always had enough. After her father and brothers were laid off from Bethlehem Steel, they filed for social services, but for some reason were denied services. Members of her family resorted to riding a bicycle to work on the farms south of the city. Rosa crecía en una familia humilde. Ellos nunca tuvieron mucho dinero pero siempre tuvieron lo suficiente. Cuando su padre y sus hermanos perdieron sus puestos a Bethlehem Steel, la familia pidió asistencia pública, pero para alguna razón se negaron los servicios. Los miembros de su familia recurrieron a andar en bicicleta para ir al trabajo a las granjas al sur de la ciudad. 9:17 - The importance of growing up in a community Rosa describes her childhood in Lackawanna. She feels grateful for being able to grow up in a community where there were lots of families and many people who spoke her language. �Rosa describe su niñez en Lackawanna. Ella se siente agradecida por crecerse en una comunidad donde hubo muchas familias y mucha gente que habló su lengua. 11:25 - Most of the children in the family are professionals Despite initial challenges finding quality education in Buffalo, most of the kids in Rosa's family are now professionals with higher degrees. A pesar de los desafíos iniciales buscando una educación de calidad en Búfalo, la mayoría de los niños en la familia de Rosa consiguió puestos profesionales. 14:18 - Why is education so important? Rosa didn't quite know why education was so important to her family, however, as a whole, they valued education and encouraged all of the kids to attend college and become professionals. She feels that perhaps she and her siblings didn't want their kids to have to work as hard as they did on the farms and in industrial plants. Rosa no sabía bien porque la educación era tan importante a su familia, pero, como una familia colectiva, ellos valoran la educación y les animaron a todos los niños que asistan a la universidad y se pongan profesionales. Ella se siente que quizás ella y sus hermanos no querían que sus hijos tuvieran que trabajar como ellos cuando trabajaron en las granjas y fábricas industriales. 15:52 - Bilingual schools did not exist during this time Bilingual schools did not exist when Rosa and her siblings were in school so they attended English-only public schools. Las escuelas bilingües ya no existían cuando Rosa y sus hermanos asistieron a la escuela entonces ellos asistieron a las escuelas públicas de solo inglés. 16:26 - Rosa was forced to learn English quickly Rosa went to an all-white, English Speaking school. She felt that it was easy for her to assimilate because she was forced to learn English quickly. �Rosa asistió a una escuela de estudiantes todos blancos y anglohablantes. Ella se sintió que fue fácil a asimilar para ella porque tuvo que aprender el inglés rápidamente. 16:59 - Rosa did not encounter any prejudice despite living in the projects Rosa did not encounter any prejudice at school. Her affluent friends would never leave her out. They would come pick her up so she could participate. Rosa no encontró ningún prejuicio contra de ella en la escuela. Sus amigos afluentes nunca la dejarían afuera. Ellos la buscarían en su casa para que pudiera participar en las actividades. 18:03 - Lackawanna used to be a booming town Rosa remembers Lackawanna as a booming town. She would get lost and relied on landmarks to find her way home. She made very close relationships that she maintains up until this day even though she now lives in Florida. St. Anthony's Church (used to be Assumption Church) was a huge part of her childhood and community. Rosa se recuerda de Lackawanna como una ciudad floreciente. Era una vez cuando ella se perdería y tenía que confiar en los lugares notables para buscar el camino a su casa. Ella hizo muy buenas relaciones que hoy en día mantiene aunque ahora ella vive en Florida. La iglesia de San Antonio (Antes fue la Iglesia de la Asunción) fue una parte grande de sus niñez y la comunidad. 19:07 - The Church was a big link for the Hispanic community The Church was a huge link for the Hispanic community because many of them didn't have cars and the Church would help drive them around to community events. La Iglesia fue un vínculo grandísimo para la comunidad hispana porque muchos de las personas no tuvieron coches y la Iglesia las ayudaría a manejar a los eventos de la comunidad. 20:07 - Rosa helped everyone �Rosa loves to work with people. For this reason she decided to be a social worker. A Rosa, le encanta trabajar con la gente. Para esta razón ella decidió de ponerse trabajadora social. 20:42 - Rosa describes her work Rosa describes the different jobs she would do as a social worker. She worked very closely with the community in places such as mental health clinics and the hospitals. Rosa describe los quehaceres diferentes que hacía trabajando como una trabajadora social. Ella trabajó muy cerca de la comunidad en lugares como los clínicos de la salud mental y los hospitales. 23:20 - What is the difference between generations? Rosa describes why she thinks there is a difference between the different generations in the Hispanic community. She feels that there were more activities and social clubs during the earlier generations than what is available now. Rosa describe porque ella cree que hay una diferencia entre las generaciones en la comunidad hispana. Ella se siente que hubo más actividades y clubes sociales durante las épocas anteriores que no están disponibles hoy en día. 24:33 - Rosa belonged to many Hispanic organizations Rosa was a part of many Hispanic organizations. At one point she was the president of the Hispanic Women's League (HWL). The HWL encouraged Hispanic women to attend local universities and upon graduating, seek employment in Buffalo. Rosa era parte de muchas organizaciones hispanas. En un momento, ella fue presidente de la Liga de la Mujeres Hispanas (HWL). La HWL les animó a las mujeres hispanas que asistan a las universidades locales y después de graduarse, que busquen empleo en Búfalo. 30:15 - Lackawanna will always be home �Lackawanna is home because it is the first place Rosa ever came to. She returns to the area every summer. Lackawanna es su hogar porque es el primer lugar a dónde Rosa vino. Ella regresa al área cada verano. 31:20 - So many things have changed Rosa is saddened by the fact that there are very few activities left for kids to do in Buffalo. No more baseball, social clubs or other engaging activities. Rosa se pone triste por el hecho de que les faltan muchas actividades para hacer los niños en Búfalo. No hay béisbol, clubes sociales ni otras actividades. 31:56 - Saturday Baseball is an all-day community event Everybody would attend the Saturday baseball games on South Park. You would be there all day. People would sell Puerto Rican food and you would spend the day with friends and family. There were ten teams, but the teams were almost all Spanish. Todo el mundo asistía a los partidos de béisbol los sábados en South Park, estaba ahí por todo el día. Hubo gente ahí vendiendo comida puertorriqueña y pasaba todo el día con amigos y familia. Hubo diez equipos, pero los equipos se comprendieron de casi todos hispanos. 32:43 - It was mostly a Spanish league The league was predominantly Spanish. The kids used to love playing in the park all day. La liga fue casi toda hispana. A los niños, les gustó jugar en el parque por todo el día. 34:11 - Rosa supports the Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY Rosa supports the HHC. She feels that this shows how much progress the Hispanic community has made and how successful they are now. �Rosa apoya la HHC. Ella se siente que esta muestra cuánto la comunidad hispana ya ha progresado y el éxito que tiene hoy en día. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Lackawanna Public Library Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 35:14 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:22 - Rosa introduces herself Rosa introduces herself. She was born in Puerto Rico but was educated up in Buffalo. She went to Buffalo State College for 2 years before entering the job force. Rosa se presenta. Ella nació en Puerto Rico pero terminó su educación formal en Búfalo. Ella asistió a Buffalo State College por 2 años antes de entrar la fuerza de labor. 0:53 - Rosa works as a social worker at the Lackawanna Health Center Rosa worked for the Lackawanna Health Center as a social worker for 30 years. Rosa trabajó para el Centro de Salud de Lackawanna como una trabajadora social por 30 años. 1:40 - Rosa's family came to Western New York to work on the farms in Eden, NY Rosa's family moved to Western New York in search of work on the farms in Eden, NY. She had a relative named Jaime who was already working here. They then moved to Utica, NY. La familia de Rosa se mudó a Nueva York del Oeste en búsqueda de trabajo en las granjas de Eden, NY. Ella tuvo un pariente llamado Jaime que ya trabajaba aquí. Luego, ellos se mudaron a Utica, NY. 2:11 - The family moved back to Buffalo to work for Bethlehem Steel Her brother moved back to Buffalo in search of a job at Bethlehem Steel. Su hermano volvió a vivir a Búfalo en búsqueda de un puesto a Bethlehem Steel. 2:32 - Father and brothers work for Utica Radiators Rosa's father and brothers worked at Utica Radiators and after an unknown event, her brother decided to return to Buffalo in pursuit of another job. El padre de Rosa y sus hermanos trabajaron a Utica Radiators y después de un evento desconocido, uno de sus hermanos decidió a volver a Búfalo en perseguida de otro puesto. 3:12 - Family returns to Buffalo Rosa's father and brother worked at Utica Radiators for 4 years until the plant closed and then they both returned to Buffalo to work at Ford Motor Plant. El padre de Rosa y su hermano trabajaron a Utica Radiators por 4 años hasta cuando la fábrica se cerró y luego ambos de ellos volvieron a Búfalo para trabajar a Ford Motor Plant. 3:44 - Poor working conditions in various factories Rosa describes the poor working conditions of various factories in both Utica and Buffalo. Despite losing her mother, her father continued to work hard and encouraged his children to attend school. Rosa describe las pobres condiciones del trabajo de varias factorías en ambos Utica y Búfalo. A pesar de perder su madre, su padre siguió trabajando fuerte y les animó a sus hijos que asistan a la escuela. 4:34 - Father has a heart attack on the job Rosa's father had a major heart attack at the plant and was taken to Buffalo General Hospital for open heart surgery in 1975. After, he moved back to Puerto Rico where he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He passed away 5 months later. El padre de Rosa tuvo un infarto a la planta y fue transportado a Buffalo General Hospital para una cirugía de corazón abierto en el año 1975. Después, regresó a Puerto Rico donde recibió la diagnóstica que tuvo cáncer de los pulmones. Se falleció 5 años más tarde. 7:01 - Family was denied social services Rosa grew up in a modest family. They never had a lot of money but they always had enough. After her father and brothers were laid off from Bethlehem Steel, they filed for social services, but for some reason were denied services. Members of her family resorted to riding a bicycle to work on the farms south of the city. Rosa crecía en una familia humilde. Ellos nunca tuvieron mucho dinero pero siempre tuvieron lo suficiente. Cuando su padre y sus hermanos perdieron sus puestos a Bethlehem Steel, la familia pidió asistencia pública, pero para alguna razón se negaron los servicios. Los miembros de su familia recurrieron a andar en bicicleta para ir al trabajo a las granjas al sur de la ciudad. 9:17 - The importance of growing up in a community Rosa describes her childhood in Lackawanna. She feels grateful for being able to grow up in a community where there were lots of families and many people who spoke her language. Rosa describe su niñez en Lackawanna. Ella se siente agradecida por crecerse en una comunidad donde hubo muchas familias y mucha gente que habló su lengua. 11:25 - Most of the children in the family are professionals Despite initial challenges finding quality education in Buffalo, most of the kids in Rosa's family are now professionals with higher degrees. A pesar de los desafíos iniciales buscando una educación de calidad en Búfalo, la mayoría de los niños en la familia de Rosa consiguió puestos profesionales. 14:18 - Why is education so important? Rosa didn't quite know why education was so important to her family, however, as a whole, they valued education and encouraged all of the kids to attend college and become professionals. She feels that perhaps she and her siblings didn't want their kids to have to work as hard as they did on the farms and in industrial plants. Rosa no sabía bien porque la educación era tan importante a su familia, pero, como una familia colectiva, ellos valoran la educación y les animaron a todos los niños que asistan a la universidad y se pongan profesionales. Ella se siente que quizás ella y sus hermanos no querían que sus hijos tuvieran que trabajar como ellos cuando trabajaron en las granjas y fábricas industriales. 15:52 - Bilingual schools did not exist during this time Bilingual schools did not exist when Rosa and her siblings were in school so they attended English-only public schools. Las escuelas bilingües ya no existían cuando Rosa y sus hermanos asistieron a la escuela entonces ellos asistieron a las escuelas públicas de solo inglés. 16:26 - Rosa was forced to learn English quickly Rosa went to an all-white, English Speaking school. She felt that it was easy for her to assimilate because she was forced to learn English quickly. Rosa asistió a una escuela de estudiantes todos blancos y anglohablantes. Ella se sintió que fue fácil a asimilar para ella porque tuvo que aprender el inglés rápidamente. 16:59 - Rosa did not encounter any prejudice despite living in the projects Rosa did not encounter any prejudice at school. Her affluent friends would never leave her out. They would come pick her up so she could participate. Rosa no encontró ningún prejuicio contra de ella en la escuela. Sus amigos afluentes nunca la dejarían afuera. Ellos la buscarían en su casa para que pudiera participar en las actividades. 18:03 - Lackawanna used to be a booming town Rosa remembers Lackawanna as a booming town. She would get lost and relied on landmarks to find her way home. She made very close relationships that she maintains up until this day even though she now lives in Florida. St. Anthony's Church (used to be Assumption Church) was a huge part of her childhood and community. Rosa se recuerda de Lackawanna como una ciudad floreciente. Era una vez cuando ella se perdería y tenía que confiar en los lugares notables para buscar el camino a su casa. Ella hizo muy buenas relaciones que hoy en día mantiene aunque ahora ella vive en Florida. La iglesia de San Antonio (Antes fue la Iglesia de la Asunción) fue una parte grande de sus niñez y la comunidad. 19:07 - The Church was a big link for the Hispanic community The Church was a huge link for the Hispanic community because many of them didn't have cars and the Church would help drive them around to community events. La Iglesia fue un vínculo grandísimo para la comunidad hispana porque muchos de las personas no tuvieron coches y la Iglesia las ayudaría a manejar a los eventos de la comunidad. 20:07 - Rosa helped everyone Rosa loves to work with people. For this reason she decided to be a social worker. A Rosa, le encanta trabajar con la gente. Para esta razón ella decidió de ponerse trabajadora social. 20:42 - Rosa describes her work Rosa describes the different jobs she would do as a social worker. She worked very closely with the community in places such as mental health clinics and the hospitals. Rosa describe los quehaceres diferentes que hacía trabajando como una trabajadora social. Ella trabajó muy cerca de la comunidad en lugares como los clínicos de la salud mental y los hospitales. 23:20 - What is the difference between generations? Rosa describes why she thinks there is a difference between the different generations in the Hispanic community. She feels that there were more activities and social clubs during the earlier generations than what is available now. Rosa describe porque ella cree que hay una diferencia entre las generaciones en la comunidad hispana. Ella se siente que hubo más actividades y clubes sociales durante las épocas anteriores que no están disponibles hoy en día. 24:33 - Rosa belonged to many Hispanic organizations Rosa was a part of many Hispanic organizations. At one point she was the president of the Hispanic Women's League (HWL). The HWL encouraged Hispanic women to attend local universities and upon graduating, seek employment in Buffalo. Rosa era parte de muchas organizaciones hispanas. En un momento, ella fue presidente de la Liga de la Mujeres Hispanas (HWL). La HWL les animó a las mujeres hispanas que asistan a las universidades locales y después de graduarse, que busquen empleo en Búfalo. 30:15 - Lackawanna will always be home Lackawanna is home because it is the first place Rosa ever came to. She returns to the area every summer. Lackawanna es su hogar porque es el primer lugar a dónde Rosa vino. Ella regresa al área cada verano. 31:20 - So many things have changed Rosa is saddened by the fact that there are very few activities left for kids to do in Buffalo. No more baseball, social clubs or other engaging activities. Rosa se pone triste por el hecho de que les faltan muchas actividades para hacer los niños en Búfalo. No hay béisbol, clubes sociales ni otras actividades. 31:56 - Saturday Baseball is an all-day community event Everybody would attend the Saturday baseball games on South Park. You would be there all day. People would sell Puerto Rican food and you would spend the day with friends and family. There were ten teams, but the teams were almost all Spanish. Todo el mundo asistía a los partidos de béisbol los sábados en South Park, estaba ahí por todo el día. Hubo gente ahí vendiendo comida puertorriqueña y pasaba todo el día con amigos y familia. Hubo diez equipos, pero los equipos se comprendieron de casi todos hispanos. 32:43 - It was mostly a Spanish league The league was predominantly Spanish. The kids used to love playing in the park all day. La liga fue casi toda hispana. A los niños, les gustó jugar en el parque por todo el día. 34:11 - Rosa supports the Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY Rosa supports the HHC. She feels that this shows how much progress the Hispanic community has made and how successful they are now. Rosa apoya la HHC. Ella se siente que esta muestra cuánto la comunidad hispana ya ha progresado y el éxito que tiene hoy en día. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rosa Aviles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rosa Aviles (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Rosa Aviles took place on September 13, 2012 at the Lackawanna Public Library and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Rosa Aviles was born in Puerto Rico and moved to Buffalo at the age of 10 years old in 1953. She attended the Immaculata Academy, Buffalo State College and later began working for the Lackawanna Health Center as a social worker. She worked for the county for 30 years before retiring. Her brothers and father all sought employment at Bethlehem Steel and on the nearby farms. The family temporarily relocated to Utica, NY where her brothers and father were employed at Utica Radiators until they realized there were more opportunities in Buffalo at Bethlehem Steel. She vividly remembers the Church being an integral aspect of her childhood. She and her family actively participated in Church events and found it to be a place for them to be a part of a community. Rosa shares stories from her childhood and especially emphasizes how grateful she is for growing up in a Spanish speaking community and for being able to assimilate into American culture easily through her formal education in an English-only school. Upon completing her formal secondary education, Rosa entered the workforce as a social worker and spent much of her life working and helping people within the Hispanic community. She loved helping people and even extended her services to other Hispanic organizations in the city. All of Rosa’s stories offer an opportunity for her to reflect on the many ways different religious and community organizations made it possible for the Hispanic community to unite and enjoy each other’s company. Esta entrevista con Rosa Aviles tomó lugar el 13 de septiembre de 2012 a la biblioteca pública en Lackawanna y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Rosa Aviles nació en Puerto Rico y se mudó a Búfalo a la edad de 10 años en el año 1953. Ella asistió a la Academia de Immaculata, Buffalo State College y más tarde empezó a trabajar para Lackawanna Health Center como trabajadora social. Ella trabajó para el condado por 30 años antes de jubilarse. Sus hermanos y su padre buscaron empleo a bethlehem Steel y a las granjas vecinas. La familia temporalmente se mudaron a Utica, NY donde sus hermanos y su padre fueron empleados a Utica Radiators hasta cuando se dieron cuenta que había más oportunidades en Búfalo a Bethlehem Steel. Ella recuerda vívidamente que la Iglesia era un aspecto integral de sus niñez. Ella y su familia participaban activamente en los eventos de la Iglesia y la encontraron un lugar para ser parte de la comunidad. Rosa comparte unas historias de su niñez y especialmente enfatiza su gratitud de crecer en una comunidad hispano hablante y por ser capaz de asimilarse fácilmente en la cultura estadounidense por sus educación formal en una escuela solo anglosajona. A parte de completar su educación secundaria formal, Rosa entró a la fuerza laboral como trabajadora social y pasó mucho de su vida ayudando a la gente dentro de la comunidad hispana. Ella amaba a ayudar a la gente y aun extendió sus servicios a las otras organizaciones hispanas en la ciudad. Todas de las historias de Rosa le ofrecen la oportunidad de reflejar en las varias maneras en que las organizaciones religiosas y de la comunidad le han hecho posible para la comunidad hispana unirse y disfrutar de la compañía de cada uno. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-09-13 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Employment and Labor Employment and Labor, Migration, Community Migration http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/a3699f711c66c79f929f0fdb752c04c1.mp3 d6d3eeafb73a1dee1bbae54b02282029 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/3ddfc04c8ac913595d4eef99dd9120d8.pdf b97d46fb7f846104e28abcce97287b09 PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Pedro Maurás Interview Location: His Home Interview Date: 8/4/2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 1:43:00 Executive Summary: Pedro Maurás was born in Puerto Rico and worked on a sugar plantation until he received notice from his brother that there were well paying jobs in Buffalo. Pedro migrated to Buffalo without a formal education but eventually found employment on a farm south of Buffalo and later in education. Pedro remembers living in a neighborhood where he felt a lot of discrimination and knew the police and other people in the community were trying to send Puerto Ricans back to Puerto Rico. Pedro decided to meet with the police to try and resolve the problem. Later, Pedro was invited to work in City Hall to help establish a bilingual program in the Buffalo Public Schools. Since then, Pedro was actively involved in bringing bilingual and higher education to the Hispanic community. Pedro was responsible for creating a Spanish speaking baseball team and he himself played. Pedro really emphasizes the need to maintain and promote culture and language in the Hispanic community. He feels these are key components to a rich culture. Resumen Ejecutivo: Pedro Maurás nació en Puerto Rico y trabajó en una plantación de caña de azúcar hasta cuando recibió noticias de su hermano que había puestos de bueno salario en Búfalo. Pedro migró a Búfalo sin una educación formal pero eventualmente encontró empleo en una granja al sur de Búfalo y más tarde en la educación. Pedro recuerda del tiempo cuando vivía en un vecindario donde existía mucha discriminación y sabía que la policía y otra gente en la comunidad trataban de devolver los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. Pedro decidió de reunirse con la policía y tratar de resolver el problema. Más tarde, Pedro fue invitado al ayuntamiento para ayudar establecer un programa bilingüe y en las Buffalo Public Schools. Desde entonces, Pedro estaba involucrado activamente en llevar el conocimiento a la comunidad hispana sobre la importancia de la educación bilingüe en la escuelas públicas y la necesidad de la educación universitaria. �Pedro fue responsable para la creación del equipo hispano hablante de béisbol y él también jugaba. Pedro enfatiza la necesidad de mantener y promover la cultura y la lengua en la comunidad hispana. Él siente que son componentes claves para una cultura rica. Story Clips: 5:54 - Pedro has a brother in Buffalo Pedro's brother wrote to him while he was working on the sugar cane plantations and told him about the jobs in Buffalo. Pedro's brother was already living in the region and wanted to give Pedro the same opportunity. El hermano de Pedro le escribió mientras Pedro trabajaba en la plantación de caña de azúcar y le dijo que hubo trabajo en Búfalo. El hermano de Pedro ya vivía en la región y quería la misma oportunidad para Pedro. 6:27 - Pedro had no schooling "One thing that I probably should mention is that I had no schooling whatsoever. When I moved to the country when I was about 7 years of age I was taken out of a one room classroom" - he was taken out of school and never put back into school. “Una cosa que debo mencionar es que yo no tuve ninguna educación formal. Cuando me mudó a este país cuando tuve 7 años de edad, se me sacó de una escuela de un aula.” – se sacó Pedro de la escuela y él nunca volvió. 10:09 - Sharpen up, get learned "Sharpen up, kid. Learn" is what Pedro was told ... he never forgot that. “¡Agúcese! Aprenda” es lo que le fue dicho a Pedro…él nunca se lo olvidó. 10:45 - South Division Street in 1955 Some people on South Division St. were friendly and some were reluctant of the newly arrived Maurás family. He says some may have actually petitioned to have Puerto Ricans sent back to Puerto Rico. He says the police collaborated with this. In 1956 he saw a gathering of people, police included, that he believed were meeting to send the Puerto Ricans home. Alguna gente en la Calle South Division fue simpática y alguna gente fue mal dispuesta a la nuevamente llegada familia Maurás. Él dice que mucho se ha firmado una petición para haber mandado los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. Él dice que la policía colaboró con esto. En el año 1956, él vio un grupo de �personas, incluyendo la policía que, él pensó, se juntaron para mandar los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. 11:14 - Rumors of petitions Pedro heard rumors that someone in the neighbor was passing around petitions to get the Puerto Ricans sent back to their country because the people in the neighborhood didn't like that there was a new and different ethnic group coming in. Pedro approached Father Carl J. Fenice of St. Lucy's Parish asking for permission to invite the police officers who were collaborating with the petitioners to try and speak with them about not taking action against the Hispanic community. Pedro escuchó rumores que alguien en el barrio pasaba una petición para mandar a los puertorriqueños a su país porque a la gente en el barrio no le gustó la llegada de un nuevo grupo étnico. Pedro se acercó al Padre Carl J. Fenice de la Iglesia Santa Lucia pidiendo permiso para invitar a la policía que estaban colaborando con los peticionarios para intentar de hablar con ellos y pedirles que no tomasen acción contra de la comunidad hispana. 16:04 - Living at the Farm Pedro says the Militelli Brothers Farm treated him well. He says they were "good people." During the workweek he lived at the farm in a "shanty," which wasn't good but wasn't bad. Pedro dice que la Granja de los Hermanos Militelli le trató bien. Él dice que ellos fueron “buena gente”. Durante la semana laboral él vivía a la granja en “una chabola”, la cual no era buena pero no era mala. 20:09 - Organizing the Latin American Democratic Club In 1960, the leaders of the Hispanic Community founded the Latin American Democratic Club (Later changed to the Puerto Rican American Community Association - PRACA) to work together to support the Hispanic community. At the time, other ethnic groups in the community were petitioning to have the Puerto Ricans sent back to the island because of racism and discrimination. En el año 1960, los líderes de la comunidad hispana fundaron el Latin American Democratic Club (Más tarde se cambió al Puerto Rican American Community Association – PRACA) para trabajar juntos a apoyar a la comunidad hispana. En ese momento, los otros grupos étnicos en la �comunidad peticionaron que los puertorriqueños se volvieran a la isla por la culpa del racismo y la discriminación. 26:32 - Discrimination against Hispanic dances The Puerto Rican community wanted to build a center for themselves to promote their culture and heritage, because they would have to pay rent at halls and many times the halls were reluctant to rent to the Hispanic community. La comunidad puertorriqueña quería construir un centro para sí misma para promover su cultura y herencia, porque ellos habrían pagado la renta en otros sitios de banquetas y muchas veces estos sitios fueron mal dispuestos a rentarlos a la comunidad hispana. 31:00 - The bilingual program begins Pedro was working with the State Commission of Human Rights in 1965 ... around 1970 Pedro received a call from an administrator of the programs of education - Eugene Reville (spelling?). Reville wanted Pedro to go to the Board of Education at City Hall to select someone to direct the bilingual project. Pedro trabajaba con el State Commission of Human Rights en el año 1965…alrededor del año 1970 Pedro recibió una llamada del administrador de los programas de la educación – Eugene Reville (ortografía?). Reville quería que Pedro fuera a la Junta de Educación en el ayuntamiento para elegir a alguien del puesto de director del programa de la educación bilingüe. 46:59 - Pedro fights for scholarship funding for Hispanics Pedro was upset because the Upward Bound Program at the University at Buffalo was set up to give scholarships to minority students. Up until this point, only African Americans received the scholarship so Pedro confronted the University and asked them to extend the program to Hispanic students as well. This effort helped increase the number of Hispanic students attending UB. Pedro se enojó porque fue fundado el programa de Upward Bound a la Universidad a Búfalo para darles becas a los estudiantes americanos africanos para que asistan a la universidad. La beca fue fundada para todos los estudiantes minoritarias. Se enfrentó a la administración y la pidió que �abriera la beca a los hispanos también. Esta acción ayudó a aumentar el número de estudiantes hispanos a UB. 50:16 - Pedro creates a baseball team Pedro gathered a meeting of players and founded “The Puerto Ricans” in 1957. Pedro juntó una reunión de jugadores y fundó el equipo “los Puertorriqueños” en el año 1957. 1:02:02 - Discrimination in the Hall of Fame A group from Blasdell had a dinner for Hall of Fame baseball groups. There were no Puerto Ricans represented so Pedro had a meeting in his apartment to protest the perceived discrimination. Un grupo de Blasdell tuvo una recepción para los grupos de béisbol del Hall of Fame. No hubo ningunos puertorriqueños, pues Pedro juntó una reunión en su departamento para protestar la discriminación percibida. 1:04:06 - A gathering place Pedro describes the atmosphere of the baseball games. Pedro describe el ambiente de los partidos de béisbol. 1:20:19 - Don't put your culture aside "Culture is you...you forget your culture, you forget your roots...you're hanging by a thread." “Tú eres la cultura…se olvida la cultura, se pierden las raíces…se cuelga por un hilo.” 1:27:53 - The first Hispanic conference in any county In 1971 Pedro organized the first Hispanic conference in Lackawanna, NY. En el año 1971 Pedro organizó la primera conferencia hispana en Lackawanna, NY. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview West Seneca, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:43:00 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 5:54 - Pedro has a brother in Buffalo Pedro's brother wrote to him while he was working on the sugar cane plantations and told him about the jobs in Buffalo. Pedro's brother was already living in the region and wanted to give Pedro the same opportunity. El hermano de Pedro le escribió mientras Pedro trabajaba en la plantación de caña de azúcar y le dijo que hubo trabajo en Búfalo. El hermano de Pedro ya vivía en la región y quería la misma oportunidad para Pedro. 6:27 - Pedro had no schooling "One thing that I probably should mention is that I had no schooling whatsoever. When I moved to the country when I was about 7 years of age I was taken out of a one room classroom" - he was taken out of school and never put back into school. “Una cosa que debo mencionar es que yo no tuve ninguna educación formal. Cuando me mudó a este país cuando tuve 7 años de edad, se me sacó de una escuela de un aula.” – se sacó Pedro de la escuela y él nunca volvió. 10:09 - Sharpen up, get learned "Sharpen up, kid. Learn" is what Pedro was told ... he never forgot that. “¡Agúcese! Aprenda” es lo que le fue dicho a Pedro…él nunca se lo olvidó. 10:45 - South Division Street in 1955 Some people on South Division St. were friendly and some were reluctant of the newly arrived Maurás family. He says some may have actually petitioned to have Puerto Ricans sent back to Puerto Rico. He says the police collaborated with this. In 1956 he saw a gathering of people, police included, that he believed were meeting to send the Puerto Ricans home. Alguna gente en la Calle South Division fue simpática y alguna gente fue mal dispuesta a la nuevamente llegada familia Maurás. Él dice que mucho se ha firmado una petición para haber mandado los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. Él dice que la policía colaboró con esto. En el año 1956, él vio un grupo de personas, incluyendo la policía que, él pensó, se juntaron para mandar los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. 11:14 - Rumors of petitions Pedro heard rumors that someone in the neighbor was passing around petitions to get the Puerto Ricans sent back to their country because the people in the neighborhood didn't like that there was a new and different ethnic group coming in. Pedro approached Father Carl J. Fenice of St. Lucy's Parish asking for permission to invite the police officers who were collaborating with the petitioners to try and speak with them about not taking action against the Hispanic community. Pedro escuchó rumores que alguien en el barrio pasaba una petición para mandar a los puertorriqueños a su país porque a la gente en el barrio no le gustó la llegada de un nuevo grupo étnico. Pedro se acercó al Padre Carl J. Fenice de la Iglesia Santa Lucia pidiendo permiso para invitar a la policía que estaban colaborando con los peticionarios para intentar de hablar con ellos y pedirles que no tomasen acción contra de la comunidad hispana. 16:04 - Living at the Farm Pedro says the Militelli Brothers Farm treated him well. He says they were "good people." During the workweek he lived at the farm in a "shanty," which wasn't good but wasn't bad. Pedro dice que la Granja de los Hermanos Militelli le trató bien. Él dice que ellos fueron “buena gente”. Durante la semana laboral él vivía a la granja en “una chabola”, la cual no era buena pero no era mala. 20:09 - Organizing the Latin American Democratic Club In 1960, the leaders of the Hispanic Community founded the Latin American Democratic Club (Later changed to the Puerto Rican American Community Association - PRACA) to work together to support the Hispanic community. At the time, other ethnic groups in the community were petitioning to have the Puerto Ricans sent back to the island because of racism and discrimination. En el año 1960, los líderes de la comunidad hispana fundaron el Latin American Democratic Club (Más tarde se cambió al Puerto Rican American Community Association – PRACA) para trabajar juntos a apoyar a la comunidad hispana. En ese momento, los otros grupos étnicos en la comunidad peticionaron que los puertorriqueños se volvieran a la isla por la culpa del racismo y la discriminación. 26:32 - Discrimination against Hispanic dances The Puerto Rican community wanted to build a center for themselves to promote their culture and heritage, because they would have to pay rent at halls and many times the halls were reluctant to rent to the Hispanic community. La comunidad puertorriqueña quería construir un centro para sí misma para promover su cultura y herencia, porque ellos habrían pagado la renta en otros sitios de banquetas y muchas veces estos sitios fueron mal dispuestos a rentarlos a la comunidad hispana. 31:00 - The bilingual program begins Pedro was working with the State Commission of Human Rights in 1965 ... around 1970 Pedro received a call from an administrator of the programs of education - Eugene Reville (spelling?). Reville wanted Pedro to go to the Board of Education at City Hall to select someone to direct the bilingual project. Pedro trabajaba con el State Commission of Human Rights en el año 1965…alrededor del año 1970 Pedro recibió una llamada del administrador de los programas de la educación – Eugene Reville (ortografía?). Reville quería que Pedro fuera a la Junta de Educación en el ayuntamiento para elegir a alguien del puesto de director del programa de la educación bilingüe. 46:59 - Pedro fights for scholarship funding for Hispanics Pedro was upset because the Upward Bound Program at the University at Buffalo was set up to give scholarships to minority students. Up until this point, only African Americans received the scholarship so Pedro confronted the University and asked them to extend the program to Hispanic students as well. This effort helped increase the number of Hispanic students attending UB. Pedro se enojó porque fue fundado el programa de Upward Bound a la Universidad a Búfalo para darles becas a los estudiantes americanos africanos para que asistan a la universidad. La beca fue fundada para todos los estudiantes minoritarias. Se enfrentó a la administración y la pidió que abriera la beca a los hispanos también. Esta acción ayudó a aumentar el número de estudiantes hispanos a UB. 50:16 - Pedro creates a baseball team Pedro gathered a meeting of players and founded “The Puerto Ricans” in 1957. Pedro juntó una reunión de jugadores y fundó el equipo “los Puertorriqueños” en el año 1957. 1:02:02 - Discrimination in the Hall of Fame A group from Blasdell had a dinner for Hall of Fame baseball groups. There were no Puerto Ricans represented so Pedro had a meeting in his apartment to protest the perceived discrimination. Un grupo de Blasdell tuvo una recepción para los grupos de béisbol del Hall of Fame. No hubo ningunos puertorriqueños, pues Pedro juntó una reunión en su departamento para protestar la discriminación percibida. 1:04:06 - A gathering place Pedro describes the atmosphere of the baseball games. Pedro describe el ambiente de los partidos de béisbol. 1:20:19 - Don't put your culture aside "Culture is you...you forget your culture, you forget your roots...you're hanging by a thread." “Tú eres la cultura…se olvida la cultura, se pierden las raíces…se cuelga por un hilo.” 1:27:53 - The first Hispanic conference in any county In 1971 Pedro organized the first Hispanic conference in Lackawanna, NY. En el año 1971 Pedro organizó la primera conferencia hispana en Lackawanna, NY. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pedro Maurás Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pedro Maurás (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource Pedro Maurás was born in Puerto Rico and worked on a sugar plantation until he received notice from his brother that there were well paying jobs in Buffalo. Pedro migrated to Buffalo without a formal education but eventually found employment on a farm south of Buffalo and later in education. Pedro remembers living in a neighborhood where he felt a lot of discrimination and knew the police and other people in the community were trying to send Puerto Ricans back to Puerto Rico. Pedro decided to meet with the police to try and resolve the problem. Later, Pedro was invited to work in City Hall to help establish a bilingual program in the Buffalo Public Schools. Since then, Pedro was actively involved in bringing bilingual and higher education to the Hispanic community. Pedro was responsible for creating a Spanish speaking baseball team and he himself played. Pedro really emphasizes the need to maintain and promote culture and language in the Hispanic community. He feels these are key components to a rich culture. Pedro Maurás nació en Puerto Rico y trabajó en una plantación de caña de azúcar hasta cuando recibió noticias de su hermano que había puestos de bueno salario en Búfalo. Pedro migró a Búfalo sin una educación formal pero eventualmente encontró empleo en una granja al sur de Búfalo y más tarde en la educación. Pedro recuerda del tiempo cuando vivía en un vecindario donde existía mucha discriminación y sabía que la policía y otra gente en la comunidad trataban de devolver los puertorriqueños a Puerto Rico. Pedro decidió de reunirse con la policía y tratar de resolver el problema. Más tarde, Pedro fue invitado al ayuntamiento para ayudar establecer un programa bilingüe y en las Buffalo Public Schools. Desde entonces, Pedro estaba involucrado activamente en llevar el conocimiento a la comunidad hispana sobre la importancia de la educación bilingüe en la escuelas públicas y la necesidad de la educación universitaria. Pedro fue responsable para la creación del equipo hispano hablante de béisbol y él también jugaba. Pedro enfatiza la necesidad de mantener y promover la cultura y la lengua en la comunidad hispana. Él siente que son componentes claves para una cultura rica. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-08-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Community Involvement Education Sports http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/a95577c00e5f224d521bad2b6b28d846.mp3 91f6d089f37e8829d830a7df5caa73af http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/4325e9a78765669e2598df97ffc1ff6b.pdf 0826ee4cd25ed37d2da3d338f32826ac PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Maria Alvira Interview Location: West Seneca, NY Interview Date: 10/27/2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 24:13 Executive Summary: This interview with Maria Alvira took place on October 27, 2012 in West Seneca, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Maria came with her family from Eagle Pass, Texas to Lackawanna, NY. After moving around to different states and farms, Maria and her family finally settled in Lackawanna where she began school in an English only classroom. Maria was able to quickly learn English and assimilated into her environment easily. Often times she was mistaken for Italian and she also mistook other Spanish speaking groups--Puerto Ricans--for Mexicans because she came from a Mexican family. Maria completed her high school and college education with great success and found employment easily. She also reflects on her time with Dolores “Lola” Perez who acted like a mother to the Hispanic community. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Maria Alvira tomó lugar el 27 de octubre de 2012 en West Seneca, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Maria vino con su familia de Eagle Pass, Texas a Lackawanna, NY. Después de mudarse a varios estados y granjas, Maria y su familia por fin establecieron un hogar en Lackawanna donde ella empezó la escuela en un aula de inglés. Maria aprendió el inglés rápidamente y se asimiló fácilmente en el ambiente. Muchas veces la gente la equivocó por una italiana y ella se equivocó cuando conoció a un puertorriqueño por primera vez--pensó que el puertorriqueño era mexicano porque ella viene de una familia mexicana. Maria terminó sus estudios secundarios y universitarios con mucho éxito y encontró empleo fácilmente. Ella también refleja en su tiempo con Dolores “Lola” Pérez quien era la madre de la comunidad hispana. Story Clips: �0:21 - Introduction: María Alvira María introduces herself. She explains how her family came from Mexico to the United States--Eagle Pass, TX--and then to Lackawanna. María se presenta. Ella explica cómo su familia vino de México a los Estados Unidos--Eagle Pass, TX--y después a Lackawanna. 1:03 - Father was looking for a good job María's father was looking for a good job so he came to Lackawanna to work at Bethlehem Steel. He has a brother who already lived here. El padre de María buscaba un buen puesto pues vino a Lackawanna para trabajar a Bethlehem Steel. Él ya tiene un hermano viviendo aquí. 1:17 - World War II brought braceros to the region Because of World War II, many Mexicans were brought to the area on a special permit--braceros--to work in the steel plant to take the place of American workers. Many married and stayed in Buffalo. A causa de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, muchos se trajeron mexicanos al área por el permiso especial—los braceros—para trabajar en la planta de acero para tomar el lugar de los trabajadores estadounidenses. Muchos se casaron y se quedaron en Búfalo. 2:04 - Despite not knowing English María and her sister assimilated into the school district Neither María nor her sister knew how to speak English when they arrived in Lackawanna, but somehow managed to assimilate with the other English-only speaking students. Their father insisted they maintain their Spanish and subscribed to a Spanish-language newspaper from Texas. The girls had to read it to him every night. This is how they learned to read and write in Spanish. Ni María ni su Hermana sabían hablar el inglés cuando llegaron a Lackawanna, pero en alguna forma lograron de asimilarse con los otros estudiantes solo anglosajones. Su padre insistió que ellas mantuvieran su �español y se solicitó a un diario de la lengua española de Tejas. Este es cómo ellas aprendieron a leer y escribir en español. 2:44 - The family moved back and forth María's family moved around a lot. They went to Grand Ledge, MI to work. After, they returned to Lackawanna. La familia de María se mudó mucho. Ellos fueron a Grand Ledge, MI para trabajar. Después, volvieron a Lackawanna. 3:17 - The Spanish were the first Spanish speaking people in the community María remembers that the Spanish were the first Spanish speaking people to arrive in the community. The Mexicans were next and so on. Her uncle arrived in the 1920s. María se acuerda que los hispanos fueron la primera gente hispanohablante a llegar en la comunidad. Los mexicanos llegaron segundo y más. Su tío llegó en la década de los 20. 3:47 - Uncle convinces his brother to come to Lackawanna to find work Uncle convinces his brother to come to Lackawanna to work in the Steel Plant. Originally, he worked on the beet farms in Michigan, but decided to come to Lackawanna for a better job. Most Mexicans who came at this time were migrant workers. Su tío le convence a su hermano que venga a Lackawanna para trabajo en la planta de acero. Originalmente, él trabajó en las granjas de remolacha en Michigan, pero decidió a venir a Lackawanna para un puesto mejor. Muchos mexicanos que vinieron en esta época fueron trabajadores migrantes. 4:10 - No problems until college María assimilated well into her school. She never felt any sort of prejudice until her freshman year in college. She received an incomplete in her English class. The professor noticed she had something in her speech that suggested she spoke another language. He felt that she should not be allowed to continue until she got rid of it because students should not be exposed to �someone who speaks a foreign language. The incomplete is still on her transcript to this day. The teacher refused to take it away. María se asimiló bien en su escuela. Ella nunca se sintió ningún sentido de prejuicio hasta su primer año en la universidad. Ella recibió una nota incompleta en su clase de inglés. El profesor se notó un acento en su discurso y sospechó que ella habló otra lengua. Él sintió que ella no debía de ser permitida a continuar hasta cuando se quitara su acento porque los estudiantes no debían de ser expuestos a alguien que habla una lengua extranjera. La nota incompleta todavía está parte de su transcripción. El profesor no quiso cambiarla. 6:29 - María is mistaken for Italian María was mistaken for an Italian in her school in East Lansing, MI. She corrected the girls and said she was Mexican. The girls walked away from her and never spoke to her again. Their jackets had the Detroit Tigers on them. Since this day she has hated the Detroit Tigers. Se confundió María por una italiana en su escuela en East Lansing, MI. Ella corrigió las chicas y les dijo que es mexicana. Las chicas se alejaron y nunca volvieron a hablar con María. Sus chaquetas tuvieron el logo de los Detroit Tigers. Desde este día, ella ha odiado los Detroit Tigers. 8:49 - High school employer told her to go to college María's high school employer encouraged María to go to college. He saw something in her and said, "you need to go to college". El empleador de María durante su tiempo en la secundaria le animó a estudiar en la universidad. Él vio algo en ella y le dijo, “tú necesitas asistir a la universidad”. 9:54 - María's family went to Michigan to work María's father had a 3rd grade education. For this reason, he could only find farming and industrial jobs. He recognized the value of an education, therefore, he pushed his kids to pursue education. María was the first person in her family to graduate from high school. �El padre de María tuvo una educación del nivel de un estudiante del tercer grado. Por esta razón, él solamente pudo encontrar puestos en las granjas y la industria. Él reconoció el valor de una educación, entonces, él le empujó a sus hijos que persigan la educación. María fue la primera persona en su familia que se graduó de la secundaria. 11:16 - Life on a beet farm María describes what it was like to live on a beet farm with other migrant workers. They lived in a two family home that was separated by a thin wall. They could hear everything the other family said. Her mother would cook in the morning and prepare food for their lunches. Everyone worked on the farm--including María and her sister. María describe la vida en una granja de remolachas con otros trabajadores migrantes. Ellos vivieron en una casa de dos familias que fue separada por una pared muy delgada. Ellos pudieron oír todo lo que decía la otra familia. Su madre cocinaría en la mañana y prepararía la comida para sus almuerzos. Todo el mundo trabajó en la granja—incluso María y su hermana. 12:22 - Promoted to ride on the tractor At age 7, María was promoted to ride the tractor and drop the seedlings into the turning contraption, which put the seed in the hole. The people who were not promoted had to follow the tractor and cover up the seeds. A la edad de 7, María fue promovida a montar el tractor y soltar las semillas en el artilugio girando, lo cual puso la semilla en el hoyo. La gente que nunca fue promovida tuvo que seguir el tractor y cubrir las semillas con tierra. 13:28 - Graduated in 3 years María graduated from high school in 3 years because she moved around so much and was already exposed to the curriculum in other schools. She was promoted to higher level classes and got through high school quicker. María se graduó de la escuela secundaria en 3 años porque ella se mudaron mucho y ya había visto mucho del currículo en otras escuelas. Ella fue promovida a las clases de niveles altos y terminó la escuela rápidamente. 15:56 - Que es un puertorriqueño? �María recounts an incident at the pharmacy that left her very confused. A Puerto Rican man came into the pharmacy asking for change for a 20 dollar bill. He asked for "menudo"--change-- from María. María responded by saying he would need to go to a restaurant to find "menudo"--soup--because they don't sell any there. The man corrected her by telling her that "menudo" means change. She asked where he was from because she didn't understand his vocabulary. He admitted he was Puerto Rican. Up to this point, María never knew what a Puerto Rican was. Menudo is used to call soup in Mexico. María se acuerda de un incidente a la farmacia que le dejó confundida. Un hombre puertorriqueño vino a la farmacia pidiendo el cambio para un billete de 20 dólares. Él le pidió “menudo”—cambio—de María. María respondió por decir que él habría tenido que ir al restaurante para buscar “menudo”—una sopa—porque ellos no venden esto ahí. Ella le preguntó de dónde vino porque ella no entendió su vocabulario. Él admitió que vino de Puerto Rico. Hasta este punto, María no conocía a ningún puertorriqueño. Se usa la palabra menudo en vez de sopa en México. 17:16 - Dolores Perez stands up to Governor Rockefeller Dolores Perez stands up for everyone--regardless of Hispanic origin. She traveled to Albany and in a meeting with Governor Rockefeller. He said something to her which upset up. She stood up and asked, "Are you questioning me?" Rockefeller backed down. Dolores Perez aguanta a todo el mundo—no importa su origen hispano. Ella viajó a Albany y en una reunión con el gobernador Rockefeller. Él le dijo algo a ella que la enojó. Ella se levantó y le preguntó, “¿Me está questionando?” Rockefeller se rindió. 20:19 - I'll sit right here waiting for you to be ready to go home Dolores"Lola" found out that María had never been to the Erie County Fair. While her husband was working, Dolores took María and her five kids to the Fair. She took out a folding chair, sat it in the middle of the Fair and said, "I'll be here knitting until you are ready to go.". People had to walk around her because she was sitting in their way. �Dolores “Lola” descubrió que María nunca había visitado el carnival de Erie County. Mientras su esposo trabajaba, Dolores llevó a María y a sus cinco hijos al carnival. Ella sacó una silla, se sentó en el medio del carnival y les dijo, “Estaré aquí tejiendo hasta cuando ustedes están listos para irse.” La gente tuvo que caminar alrededor de ella porque ella se sentaba en su camino. 21:55 - Life without Lola would have set María's generation back María explains how Lola's strength really helped her grow. She also discusses the relationship that Hispanic women have with their husbands. Husbands are the head of the house and family and there needs to be respect. Even though María can do whatever she pleases, she still respects her husband. María explica cómo la fuerza de Lola la ayudó a madurar mucho. Ella también discute la relación que tuvieron las mujeres hispanas con sus esposos. Los esposos son la cabeza de la casa y familia y hay que existir el respeto. Aunque María puede hacer lo que sea, ella tiene respecto para su esposo. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview West Seneca, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 24:13 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 0:21 - Introduction: María Alvira María introduces herself. She explains how her family came from Mexico to the United States--Eagle Pass, TX--and then to Lackawanna. María se presenta. Ella explica cómo su familia vino de México a los Estados Unidos--Eagle Pass, TX--y después a Lackawanna. 1:03 - Father was looking for a good job María's father was looking for a good job so he came to Lackawanna to work at Bethlehem Steel. He has a brother who already lived here. El padre de María buscaba un buen puesto pues vino a Lackawanna para trabajar a Bethlehem Steel. Él ya tiene un hermano viviendo aquí. 1:17 - World War II brought braceros to the region Because of World War II, many Mexicans were brought to the area on a special permit--braceros--to work in the steel plant to take the place of American workers. Many married and stayed in Buffalo. A causa de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, muchos se trajeron mexicanos al área por el permiso especial—los braceros—para trabajar en la planta de acero para tomar el lugar de los trabajadores estadounidenses. Muchos se casaron y se quedaron en Búfalo. 2:04 - Despite not knowing English María and her sister assimilated into the school district Neither María nor her sister knew how to speak English when they arrived in Lackawanna, but somehow managed to assimilate with the other English-only speaking students. Their father insisted they maintain their Spanish and subscribed to a Spanish-language newspaper from Texas. The girls had to read it to him every night. This is how they learned to read and write in Spanish. Ni María ni su Hermana sabían hablar el inglés cuando llegaron a Lackawanna, pero en alguna forma lograron de asimilarse con los otros estudiantes solo anglosajones. Su padre insistió que ellas mantuvieran su español y se solicitó a un diario de la lengua española de Tejas. Este es cómo ellas aprendieron a leer y escribir en español. 2:44 - The family moved back and forth María's family moved around a lot. They went to Grand Ledge, MI to work. After, they returned to Lackawanna. La familia de María se mudó mucho. Ellos fueron a Grand Ledge, MI para trabajar. Después, volvieron a Lackawanna. 3:17 - The Spanish were the first Spanish speaking people in the community María remembers that the Spanish were the first Spanish speaking people to arrive in the community. The Mexicans were next and so on. Her uncle arrived in the 1920s. María se acuerda que los hispanos fueron la primera gente hispanohablante a llegar en la comunidad. Los mexicanos llegaron segundo y más. Su tío llegó en la década de los 20. 3:47 - Uncle convinces his brother to come to Lackawanna to find work Uncle convinces his brother to come to Lackawanna to work in the Steel Plant. Originally, he worked on the beet farms in Michigan, but decided to come to Lackawanna for a better job. Most Mexicans who came at this time were migrant workers. Su tío le convence a su hermano que venga a Lackawanna para trabajo en la planta de acero. Originalmente, él trabajó en las granjas de remolacha en Michigan, pero decidió a venir a Lackawanna para un puesto mejor. Muchos mexicanos que vinieron en esta época fueron trabajadores migrantes. 4:10 - No problems until college María assimilated well into her school. She never felt any sort of prejudice until her freshman year in college. She received an incomplete in her English class. The professor noticed she had something in her speech that suggested she spoke another language. He felt that she should not be allowed to continue until she got rid of it because students should not be exposed to someone who speaks a foreign language. The incomplete is still on her ranscript to this day. The teacher refused to take it away. María se asimiló bien en su escuela. Ella nunca se sintió ningún sentido de prejuicio hasta su primer año en la universidad. Ella recibió una nota incompleta en su clase de inglés. El profesor se notó un acento en su discurso y sospechó que ella habló otra lengua. Él sintió que ella no debía de ser permitida a continuar hasta cuando se quitara su acento porque los estudiantes no debían de ser expuestos a alguien que habla una lengua extranjera. La nota incompleta todavía está parte de su transcripción. El profesor no quiso cambiarla. 6:29 - María is mistaken for Italian María was mistaken for an Italian in her school in East Lansing, MI. She corrected the girls and said she was Mexican. The girls walked away from her and never spoke to her again. Their jackets had the Detroit Tigers on them. Since this day she has hated the Detroit Tigers. Se confundió María por una italiana en su escuela en East Lansing, MI. Ella corrigió las chicas y les dijo que es mexicana. Las chicas se alejaron y nunca volvieron a hablar con María. Sus chaquetas tuvieron el logo de los Detroit Tigers. Desde este día, ella ha odiado los Detroit Tigers. 8:49 - High school employer told her to go to college María's high school employer encouraged María to go to college. He saw something in her and said, "you need to go to college". El empleador de María durante su tiempo en la secundaria le animó a estudiar en la universidad. Él vio algo en ella y le dijo, “tú necesitas asistir a la universidad”. 9:54 - María's family went to Michigan to work María's father had a 3rd grade education. For this reason, he could only find farming and industrial jobs. He recognized the value of an education, therefore, he pushed his kids to pursue education. María was the first person in her family to graduate from high school. El padre de María tuvo una educación del nivel de un estudiante del tercer grado. Por esta razón, él solamente pudo encontrar puestos en las granjas y la industria. Él reconoció el valor de una educación, entonces, él le empujó a sus hijos que persigan la educación. María fue la primera persona en su familia que se graduó de la secundaria. 11:16 - Life on a beet farm María describes what it was like to live on a beet farm with other migrant workers. They lived in a two family home that was separated by a thin wall. They could hear everything the other family said. Her mother would cook in the morning and prepare food for their lunches. Everyone worked on the farm--including María and her sister. María describe la vida en una granja de remolachas con otros trabajadores migrantes. Ellos vivieron en una casa de dos familias que fue separada por una pared muy delgada. Ellos pudieron oír todo lo que decía la otra familia. Su madre cocinaría en la mañana y prepararía la comida para sus almuerzos. Todo el mundo trabajó en la granja—incluso María y su hermana. 12:22 - Promoted to ride on the tractor At age 7, María was promoted to ride the tractor and drop the seedlings into the turning contraption, which put the seed in the hole. The people who were not promoted had to follow the tractor and cover up the seeds. A la edad de 7, María fue promovida a montar el tractor y soltar las semillas en el artilugio girando, lo cual puso la semilla en el hoyo. La gente que nunca fue promovida tuvo que seguir el tractor y cubrir las semillas con tierra. 13:28 - Graduated in 3 years María graduated from high school in 3 years because she moved around so much and was already exposed to the curriculum in other schools. She was promoted to higher level classes and got through high school quicker. María se graduó de la escuela secundaria en 3 años porque ella se mudaron mucho y ya había visto mucho del currículo en otras escuelas. Ella fue promovida a las clases de niveles altos y terminó la escuela rápidamente. 15:56 - Que es un puertorriqueño? María recounts an incident at the pharmacy that left her very confused. A Puerto Rican man came into the pharmacy asking for change for a 20 dollar bill. He asked for "menudo"--change-- from María. María responded by saying he would need to go to a restaurant to find "menudo"--soup--because they don't sell any there. The man corrected her by telling her that "menudo" means change. She asked where he was from because she didn't understand his vocabulary. He admitted he was Puerto Rican. Up to this point, María never knew what a Puerto Rican was. Menudo is used to call soup in Mexico. María se acuerda de un incidente a la farmacia que le dejó confundida. Un hombre puertorriqueño vino a la farmacia pidiendo el cambio para un billete de 20 dólares. Él le pidió “menudo”—cambio—de María. María respondió por decir que él habría tenido que ir al restaurante para buscar “menudo”—una sopa—porque ellos no venden esto ahí. Ella le preguntó de dónde vino porque ella no entendió su vocabulario. Él admitió que vino de Puerto Rico. Hasta este punto, María no conocía a ningún puertorriqueño. Se usa la palabra menudo en vez de sopa en México. 17:16 - Dolores Perez stands up to Governor Rockefeller Dolores Perez stands up for everyone--regardless of Hispanic origin. She traveled to Albany and in a meeting with Governor Rockefeller. He said something to her which upset up. She stood up and asked, "Are you questioning me?" Rockefeller backed down. Dolores Perez aguanta a todo el mundo—no importa su origen hispano. Ella viajó a Albany y en una reunión con el gobernador Rockefeller. Él le dijo algo a ella que la enojó. Ella se levantó y le preguntó, “¿Me está questionando?” Rockefeller se rindió. 20:19 - I'll sit right here waiting for you to be ready to go home Dolores"Lola" found out that María had never been to the Erie County Fair. While her husband was working, Dolores took María and her five kids to the Fair. She took out a folding chair, sat it in the middle of the Fair and said, "I'll be here knitting until you are ready to go.". People had to walk around her because she was sitting in their way. Dolores “Lola” descubrió que María nunca había visitado el carnival de Erie County. Mientras su esposo trabajaba, Dolores llevó a María y a sus cinco hijos al carnival. Ella sacó una silla, se sentó en el medio del carnival y les dijo, “Estaré aquí tejiendo hasta cuando ustedes están listos para irse.” La gente tuvo que caminar alrededor de ella porque ella se sentaba en su camino. 21:55 - Life without Lola would have set María's generation back María explains how Lola's strength really helped her grow. She also discusses the relationship that Hispanic women have with their husbands. Husbands are the head of the house and family and there needs to be respect. Even though María can do whatever she pleases, she still respects her husband. María explica cómo la fuerza de Lola la ayudó a madurar mucho. Ella también discute la relación que tuvieron las mujeres hispanas con sus esposos. Los esposos son la cabeza de la casa y familia y hay que existir el respeto. Aunque María puede hacer lo que sea, ella tiene respecto para su esposo. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maria Alvira Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource María Alvira (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Maria Alvira took place on October 27, 2012 in West Seneca, NY and was conducted by Stephanie Bucalo. Maria came with her family from Eagle Pass, Texas to Lackawanna, NY. After moving around to different states and farms, Maria and her family finally settled in Lackawanna where she began school in an English only classroom. Maria was able to quickly learn English and assimilated into her environment easily. Often times she was mistaken for Italian and she also mistook other Spanish speaking groups--Puerto Ricans--for Mexicans because she came from a Mexican family. Maria completed her high school and college education with great success and found employment easily. She also reflects on her time with Dolores “Lola” Perez who acted like a mother to the Hispanic community. Esta entrevista con Maria Alvira tomó lugar el 27 de octubre de 2012 en West Seneca, NY y fue conducida por Stephanie Bucalo. Maria vino con su familia de Eagle Pass, Texas a Lackawanna, NY. Después de mudarse a varios estados y granjas, Maria y su familia por fin establecieron un hogar en Lackawanna donde ella empezó la escuela en un aula de inglés. Maria aprendió el inglés rápidamente y se asimiló fácilmente en el ambiente. Muchas veces la gente la equivocó por una italiana y ella se equivocó cuando conoció a un puertorriqueño por primera vez--pensó que el puertorriqueño era mexicano porque ella viene de una familia mexicana. Maria terminó sus estudios secundarios y universitarios con mucho éxito y encontró empleo fácilmente. Ella también refleja en su tiempo con Dolores “Lola” Pérez quien era la madre de la comunidad hispana. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-10-27 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Education Employment and Labor Migration http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/0ce41b73e6c41bdeb84685f826ce7d8a.mp3 0e15c87299b08808bc385379f811266c http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/9d0d13f3d2fe0f1c895ad408882c2246.pdf 6e208b493b2bd15dd3852c7e0b1d0b0d PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Juventino Mejia Interview Location: Lackawanna Public Library, Lackawanna, NY Interview Date: August 2, 2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 2:01:05 Executive Summary: This interview with Juventino Mejia was conducted on August 2, 2012 by Stephanie Bucalo at the Lackawanna Public Library on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. Juventino was born in the state of Michoacán, México and migrated to the United States, first to Laredo, Texas, with his mother and then later to Buffalo where his mother joined her future husband. Juventino is a very charismatic storyteller. He begins his story back in México and the southwestern part of the United States where he depicts a lawless land and one where man must overcome the perilous nature surrounding him. Tino, short for Juventino, was fortunate enough to come from a family that had the means to obtain a passport and legal passage to the United States. Because of this advantage, Tino was able to complete his formal secondary education, was enlisted in the U.S. Army (even though he was not a U.S. citizen yet), obtained gainful employment, completed higher education under the G.I. Bill and later on became very active in the Hispanic community as an advocate for those who needed support. Despite that fact that Tino’s arrival was slightly easier than many others who arrived at this time, Tino’s family still faced the same challenges that other Hispanic families endured during this time period. They never went on welfare, but everyone in the house helped in any way they could. After serving in the Korean War, Juventino returned to Buffalo and began to pursue a degree and career in Social Work. He became very involved in the Hispanic community as an advocate and a founder of Hispanic based organizations. Tino was also a boxer and musician. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista con Juventino Mejia fue conducida el 2 de agosto 2012 por Stephanie Bucalo a la Biblioteca Pública de Lackawanna en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Juventino nació en el estado de Michoacán, México y emigró a los Estados Unidos, primero a Laredo, Texas, con su madre y luego más tarde a Búfalo donde su madre se reunió con su nuevo esposo. Juventino cuenta su historia con mucho carisma. Él empieza su historia en México y el �suroeste de los Estaos Unidos donde él pinta una tierra sin leyes y una donde el hombre tiene que superar lo peligroso de la tierra salvaje alrededor de él. Tino, corto para Juventino, fue bastante afortunado a venir de una familia que tenía los medios para obtener un pasaporte y pasaje legal a los Estados Unidos. Por esta ventaja, Tino cumplió su educación formal, se alistó al ejército estadounidense (Aunque ya no fue ciudadano estadounidense), obtuvo empleo retribuido, cumplió su título avanzado de la universidad bajo del G.I. Bill y más tarde se volvió muy activo en la comunidad hispana como un defensor para los que necesitan el apoyo. A pesar del hecho que la llegada de Tino era más fácil para él que a los demás que han llegado a ese tiempo, la familia de Tino sintió los mismos desafíos que las otras familias hispanas soportaron durante este periodo. Ellos nunca necesitaron la asistencia gubernamental, pero todo el mundo en la casa hicieron su parte para mantener una buena vida. Después de servir en la Guerra Coreana, Juventino volvió a Búfalo y empezó a perseguir un título y una carrera en el trabajo social. Él se puso muy activo en la comunidad hispana como defensor y un fundador de unas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad hispana. Tino también fue boxeador y músico. Story Clips: 1:04 - Mexicans are hard workers Mexicans are hard workers. Just like other migrant groups of the past, Mexicans came to the United States looking for better opportunities. They, like so many other migrant groups, leave their countries because of governmental corruption and other crimes against their people. Despite having its own problem, the United States is a much better environment for migrants. Los mexicanos son trabajadores fuertes. Como otros grupos de migrantes del pasado, los mexicanos vinieron a los Estados Unidos en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades. Ellos, como tantos otros grupos de migrantes, se fueron de sus países por la corrupción gubernamental y otros delitos contra de su gente. A pesar de tener sus propios problemas, los Estados Unidos tienen un mejor ambiente para los migrantes. 4:31 - Tino was born in Michoacán, México Tino was born in the southwest of Mexico in the state of Michoacán. Tino describes the climate and landscape of Michoacán, Mexico. �Tino nació en la parte suroeste de México en el estado de Michoacán. Tino describe el clima y el paisaje de Michoacán, México. 5:40 - Many Mexicans acquire land after the Mexican Revolution After the Revolution, many Mexicans were able to acquire land. Después de la revolución mexicana, muchos mexicanos consiguieron tierra. 6:31 - Tino's family had the means to travel to the US Tino’s father and grandfather owned tractors signifying that they had means. Because of this wealth, Tino was able to get a passport, which made it easier for him to come to the United States. They originally had no intention of coming to the United States permanently. His family traveled between the U.S. and Mexico frequently. If you had a passport, it was easy to apply for residency in the southwest. El padre y el abuelo de Tino tuvieron sus propios tractores y eso significó que tuvieron dinero. Por esta riqueza, Tino consiguió un pasaporte, lo cual, le hizo más fácil la entrada a los Estados Unidos. Originalmente, ellos no tuvieron the intención de quedarse permanentemente en los Estados Unidos. Su familia viajaba entre los EEUU y México con frecuencia. Si tuviera un pasaporte, era muy fácil a pedir residencia en el suroeste. 7:23 - Family troubles Tino’s parents started to have problems. His father got married in California, USA. The woman came to look for him back in Mexico. Tino’s mother took the kids to Mexico City where they had relatives. They lived there and went to school there. It was a huge change for them since they were from a very small town in Michoacán. Tino talks about the dangers of growing up in rural Mexico and living with the wildlife. He tells this story to make a comparison to what he experiences in Mexico City. Los padres de Tino empezaron a tener problemas con su relación. Su padre se casó con otra mujer en California, EEUU. La mujer vino a buscar su padre en México. Después la madre de Tino llevó sus hijos al Distrito Federal (la Ciudad de México) donde ya tenía familia. Ellos vivieron ahí y asistieron a la escuela. Ese era un gran cambio para ellos porque vinieron de un pueblito en Michoacán. Tino explica los peligros de criarse en la parte rural de México y como vivir con su fauna. Él cuenta esta historia para hacer una comparación con lo que él experimenta en el D.F. �9:48 - The wild wild west was dangerous The wild, wild, west was very dangerous. Everyone ran around with pistols. There was no electricity, so you had to be extra careful. He explains the limited resources that were available to light a home and to allow people to cook. You had to look for a specific type of wood that was incredible. You didn't need a phone because you could yell and everyone would hear you. You could hear the violence taking place in the region. There were no police officers; therefore people could live without laws. El "wild, wild, west" fue muy peligroso. Todo el mundo tuvo pistolas. No hubo corriente, entonces uno tuvo que ser muy cuidadoso. Él explica los límites de los recursos disponibles para encender un hogar y para dar fuego al cocinar. Uno tuvo que buscar un cierto tipo de madera incendiaria. No se necesitó un teléfono porque se pudo gritar y todo el mundo se lo hubiera oído. Se pudo oír la violencia que tomó lugar en la región. No hubo la policía, entonces la gente se pudo vivir sin leyes. 13:30 - Tino's mother meets a man from Laredo, Texas His grandmother had family in Laredo. They renewed their passports so they could go back and forth between Mexico and the United States. Tino’s mother met a man who had relatives in Buffalo. Su abuela tuvo familia en Laredo, Texas. Ellos renovaron sus pasaportes para que pudieran viajar entre México y los EEUU. La madre de Tino conoció a un hombre que tuvo parientes en Búfalo. 15:59 - Why is this man marrying my mother? Tino’s mother was very young when he was born. He says they "grew up together". There were 6 children in the family. Tino didn't quite understand why this new man wanted to marry his mother with 6 children. He feared that the man was going to send them to the US and make them work or buy insurance policies and kill them each off. He was very skeptical of this new man. He admitted that his mother was very pretty. La madre de Tino era muy joven cuando él nació. Él dice que ellos "se criaron juntos". Hubo 6 hijos en la familia. Tino no entendió porque este nuevo hombre quiso casarse con su madre que ya tuvo 6 hijos. Él temió que el hombre los mandara a los EEUU y les hiciera trabajar o que él compara el �seguro de vida para todos y matarlos uno por uno. Tino estuvo muy escéptico de este hombre. Eventualmente él admitió que su madre fue muy bonita. 17:41 - Why does Tino want to come to the US? It was easier for the family to immigrate since Tino’s mother was married to an American citizen. They completed all of the paperwork to legally immigrate. Tino had to speak with a female immigration officer. She asked him why he wanted to go to the United States. Tino responded that he didn't want to go and that it was his mother who wanted to immigrate. The officer was trying to figure out why the family was leaving Mexico. Tino didn't want to be a traitor to his country and explained that he had to go because his mother was. Fue más fácil a emigrar desde que su madre se casó con un ciudadano estadounidense. Ellos llenaron todas las formas para la inmigración legal. Tino tuvo que hablar con una aduanera. Ella le preguntó porque él quiso ir a los Estados Unidos. Él respondió que no quiso ir pero tuvo que ir con su madre quien se casó con el hombre estadounidense y que ella quiso emigrar. Tino no quiso ser traidor a su país y se lo explicó a la aduanera. 21:22 - It was tough living in a crowded house After immigrating they moved in with his mother´s mother-in-law. The house had pictures from the Mexican Revolution with guns larger than the man in the photos. Tino explains that it is difficult to live with them for an extended period of time because there were so many of them. They felt like they were always in the way. Después de emigrar, ellos se mudaron a la casa de la suegra de la madre de Tino. La casa tuvo fotos de la revolución mexicana con armas más grandes que los hombres en las fotos. Tino explica que después de un poco de tiempo volvió a ser difícil de vivir en la casa porque hubo tanta gente. Ellos se sintieron que les molestaron porque siempre ocuparon el mismo espacio. 22:40 - Tino is from New Mexico Tino went to school all by himself. Everyone thought he was from New Mexico. Tino just agreed politely. Tino asistió al primer día de escuela solito. Todo el mundo pensó que vino de Nuevo México. Tino se aportó sinceramente. 23:05 - Almost got hit by cars in Mexico City �Tino went to school by himself. He was still a young kid from a rural part of Mexico. He was not used to the traffic in Mexico City. He almost got hit by trucks because he wasn't used to so much traffic. His mother told him to take care of himself. The same thing happened when he arrived in the United States. He was sent to school on his own. There was also lots of traffic. Tino asistió a la escuela solito. Él era jovencito de una parte rural de México. No estaba acostumbrado a la circulación en el D.F. Él casi se chocó con unos camiones porque no estaba acostumbrado a tanta circulación. Su madre le dijo que se cuidara en camino a la escuela. Lo mismo pasó cuando llegó en los EEUU. Su madre le mandó a la escuela solito. Otra vez hubo mucha circulación. 24:05 – Where are the buildings? Tino thought that all of New York State was like New York City. Tino pensó que todo el estado de Nueva York fue como la ciudad de Nueva York. 24:25 - Dust equals progress Tino learns that the dust and smoke hanging over Lackawanna equates to success. People were happy with the pollution because it meant that people were working. Tino aprende que el polvo y el humo encima de Lackawanna significa el éxito. La gente estuvo feliz con la polución porque quiso decir que la gente trabajaba. 25:10 – The nice guy learns English and a few other valuable lessons Tino was in very good shape. He was a boxer when he was younger. Because of this, he was very disciplined, dressed nicely and always had a friendly personality. At first he didn't understand English but quickly learned when people started talking to him. He found learning English to be very easy because there were a lot of similarities between it and Spanish, as well as with Latin and other languages he could understand. It took him about 3 months to learn English. He knew he understood it well because he started to dream in English. Tino felt very comfortable in his community and speaking with people in the community. He also maintained his ability to speak Spanish because there were so many Spanish speaking members in the community. �Tino siempre estaba en buena forma. Él era boxeador cuando era joven. Por eso, él tenía buena disciplina, se vestía bien y siempre era amable. Al principio, no entendió el inglés pero rápidamente lo aprendió cuando mucha gente empezó a hablarle. Él descubrió que al aprender el inglés no sería tan difícil por las semejanzas entre el español y el inglés, tanto como con el latín y otros idiomas que pudo entender. No lo tomó más que tres meses para entender bien el inglés. Supo que lo entendió cuando una noche soñó completamente en inglés. Tino se sintió muy cómodo en su comunidad, especialmente hablando con la gente en la comunidad. Él también mantuvo su capacidad de hablar en español porque hubo una grande población de hispanohablantes de distintos lugares. 29:04 - Lackawanna is the city of the United Nations Tino found that living in Lackawanna had its benefits because it was an amalgam of different cultures. Everyone was there for the same things. Lackawanna was called the "City of the United Nations. The migrants who settled there came specifically to work in industry (Bethlehem Steel) or other places of employment of the same nature. It was easy for newcomers to live there because of the diversity and the similar lifestyles they were all living. Tino encontró que hubo muchos beneficios en la vivienda en Lackawanna porque fue una amalgama de culturas distintas. Todo el mundo estuvo ahí para las mismas razones. Se llamó Lackawanna "la Ciudad de las Naciones Unidas". Los migrantes que hicieron la vivienda ahí, vinieron específicamente para trabajar en la industria (Bethlehem Steel) o en otros lugares de empleo de la misma manera. Era fácil vivir ahí para los nuevos llegados por la diversidad y las viviendas semejantes que todo el mundo vivía. 29:51 - Fiesta Patriotica celebrates Mexican festivities The Mexican Club was established in the 1930s (1935 or 1937) solely for the purpose of celebrating Mexican holidays. They were also called the Fiesta Patriótica. El Club Social Mexicano fue establecido en los años 30. (1935 o 1937) solamente por el propósito de festejar los feriados mexicanos. También se llamó la Fiesta Patriótica. 31:07 - Tino's family never went on welfare No one used the word "welfare" in terms of social benefits. At first, Tino didn´t realized what the word meant in those terms since there were venues �such as the Spanish Welfare Association, which actually was a social venue. Tino’s family never went on welfare even when his stepfather was unemployed. There was some relief available to people who needed extra help. They received rations of butter, flour, beans and cheese; however they never relied on social benefits to survive. Nadie usó la palabra "welfare" en los términos de los beneficios sociales. Al principio, Tino no se dio cuenta del sentido de esos términos porque hubo lugares como la Asociación Social Español (confirma esta traducción), la cual actualmente era un lugar social. La familia de Tino nunca pidió ayuda de los servicios sociales aun cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado. Hubo un poco de asistencia a la gente que la necesitó. Ellos recibieron raciones de manteca, harina, frijoles y queso, pero ellos nunca confiaron solamente en los beneficios sociales para sobrevivir. 32:37 - Mom starts a specialty Mexican store but misses a huge opportunity Tino’s grandfather gave his mother some money to start a store called Garcia´s Grocery Store. She owned the first business to sell Mexican ingredients. People would travel from Canada to purchase these ingredients. Before this, you had to go to Detroit to get authentic Mexican products. She was offered the opportunity to be a distributor of Mexican products but decided to just run her own business. She lost out on a huge business since no one else was distributing Mexican products in the region. El abuelo de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para empezar una tienda que se llamó Garcia’s Grocery Store. Ella fue dueña del primer negocio que vendió ingredientes mexicanos. La gente de Canadá viajó a Búfalo para comprar los ingredientes. Antes de este momento se tuvo que ir a Detroit para encontrar los productos mexicanos auténticos. Ella estaba ofrecida la oportunidad de distribuir los productos mexicanos pero decidió que quiso manejar su propio negocio. Ella perdió una buena oportunidad porque nadie distribuía este tipo de producto en la región. 34:10 - Mom buys a farm in Eden Tino’s father gave his mother some money to start the store. His mother then purchased 72 acres and started a farm in Eden, NY in 1960. The land had a house and a barn and only cost $19,500. She put down a down payment and paid a very low mortgage. �El padre de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para que abriera la tienda. Luego, su madre compró un pedazo de tierra de 72 acres y empezó una granja en Eden, NY en el año 1960. La tierra tuvo una casa y un granero y solo le cobró $29,500. Ella puso una entrega y después pagó una hipoteca muy baja. 35:11 - Everyone would work The family lived on 211 Ingam Avenue above the store. Tino’s mom and brother worked in the store and his stepfather worked at Bethlehem Steel. His stepfather still had family in Laredo so they traveled back and forth every year. They owned property in Buffalo and everyone was working so they were never in need of governmental assistance. Even during the strike, when his stepfather was laid off, there was plenty of support within the family. They did not need to reach out for relief. La familia vivió a 211 Avenida Ingam encima de la tienda. La madre de Tino y su hermano trabajaron a la tienda y su padrastro trabajó a Bethlehem Steel. Su padrastro todavía tuvo familia en Laredo entonces la familia viajó entre Laredo y Búfalo cada año. Ellos fueron dueños de la propiedad en Búfalo y todo el mundo en la familia trabajaba, entonces nunca necesitaron la asistencia del gobierno. Aun durante la huelga, cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado, se soportaron dentro de la familia. No necesitaron buscar ayuda. 36:48 - The Spanish Club threw an Independence Day Festivity for Mexicans The Spanish Club threw Mexican Independence Day celebrations. Tino finds this hilarious because the celebration is to commemorate Mexico gaining its independence from Spain and the Spanish Club is the one hosting it. El Club Español dio una celebración para el Día de Independencia en México. Tino lo encuentro histérico porque la celebración es para conmemorar la independencia de México de España y aquí tenemos el Club Español acogiendo la celebración. 37:15 - In 1947 the Centro Social Mexicano of Western New York was incorporated The Mexican Club officially started in 1947. It was officially called the Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. People would come from various parts of New York and Canada. �El Club Mexicano oficialmente empezó en el año 1947. Oficialmente se lo llamó el Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. La gente vino de varias partes de Nueva York y Canadá. 38:07 - An honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo There was an honorary Mexican Council here in Buffalo. A man with the last name Russell came from Germany but lived in Mexico for many years conducting business. He then relocated to Buffalo, NY. Because of the diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, they set up an honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo. He was put in charge of it. Hubo un Consejo Mexicano honorado aquí en Búfalo. Un hombre con el apellido de Russell vino de Alemania pero vivió en México por muchos años haciendo negocios. Después se mudó a Búfalo, NY. Por las relaciones diplomáticas entre los EEUU y México, ellos iniciaron un Consejo Mexicano honorado en Búfalo. Él fue puesto encargado de este Consejo. 39:36 - Started his social work career at a very young age as an interpreter People would come to Tino for help translating at places such as Social Services. Hospitals, schools, etc. They knew he was bilingual. This is how he became interested in pursuing a career in social work. Mucha gente vino a Tino pidiéndole ayuda en lugares como a los Servicios Sociales, los hospitales, las escuelas, etc. Ellos supieron que él era bilingüe. Este es como a él empezó a interesarse la idea de perseguir una carrera en la asistencia social. 40:33 - There were a lot of jobs Tino explains his first working experiences in Buffalo. He started off in a restaurant and then ended up at Buffalo Break Beam making $7/hr, which, at the time was a lot of money. Buffalo Break Beam was a busy national factory which made tired hand breaks for trains. Tino looked at work as a way to exercise and make money, so he was always willing to work hard. Tino explica sus primeras experiencias con el trabajo en Búfalo. Él empezó trabajando en un restaurante y luego encontró trabajo en Búfalo Break Beam ganando $7/hra, lo cual en esta época era mucho. Búfalo Break Beam era una fábrica nacional concurrida la cual hacía los frenos de mano para los �ferrocarriles. Tino vio el trabajo como manera de hacer los ejercicios y ganar dinero, entonces, siempre tuvo ganas de trabajar duro. 43:22 - Learns the meaning of "DP" Tino learns what the word "displaced person" means. His mother thought maybe they were displaced people but they never went through war and horrible crises in their home country. They never had to "dodge bullets". Tino aprende lo que quería decir la palabra "persona desplazada". Su madre pensó que quizás ellos fueron desplazados pero ellos nunca vivieron por una guerra en sus países natales. Ellos nunca tuvieron que "esquivar las balas". 44:22 - There were various employment opportunities in Western New York Tino explains that there were different employment opportunities--not just farms and industry. He explains the different positions he had and how he was always working since a young age. Tino explica que hubo oportunidades diferentes para empleo--no solamente en las granjas y la industria. Él describe los puestos diferentes que tenía y como él siempre estaba trabajando desde una edad joven. 45:16 - Tino gets a job with Bethlehem Steel Tino meets a connection to his future job at Bethlehem Steel. Mr. Miller offered him a job at Bethlehem Steel--asking if he is ready for work. Gave him a contact name at the plant. Shortly after Tino was hired to work in the structural shipping department. Bethlehem Steel had a union and paid a better salary. Tino conoce a un vínculo a su trabajo futuro a Bethlehem Steel. Sr. Miller le ofreció un puesto a Bethlehem Steel--preguntándole si estaba listo para trabajar. Él dio un nombre de contacto a la planta. Muy poco después fue contratado para trabajar en el departamento de envio estructural. Bethlehem Steel tuvo una unión y pagó un salario mejor. 47:40 - Mexicans are hard workers Tino believes that Mexicans are hard workers. They are willing to do whatever they need to in order to make money--as long as it is legal. They believe in helping one another and succeeding. �Tino cree que los mexicanos son buenos trabajadores. Ellos están dispuestos a hacer lo que sea necesario para ganar dinero--con tal de que sea legal. Ellos creen que hay que ayudar a los otros para tener éxito. 48:29 - Never knew what it was to pay medical bills Tino was a very healthy man who rarely went to the doctors. Despite not needing the services, he felt assured that he was lucky enough to have coverage in case something did happen. He expresses his concern for current health care discussions and the people who wish to cut social services. He feels it is necessary to have these services so people don't resort to violence to obtain their basic needs. Tino era un hombre muy saludable y casi nunca fue al médico. A pesar de no necesitar los servicios, se sentía asegurado que tuvo mucha suerte tener el seguro por la casualidad de que algo le pasara. Él explica su preocupación para los debates sobre el sistema de salud hoy en día. Él siente que es necesario que se tengan estos servicios para que la gente no recurra a la violencia para obtener las necesidades básicas. 49:28 - Drafted into the military even though he was not a U.S. citizen Tino received a letter from the U.S. government informing him that he was drafted into the military. He tried to explain that he cannot go because of his family and because he was sending money to his grandmother. The man told him he had to go because his country needs him even though he only had a green card. He was told he had all of the same rights as a U.S. citizen except he cannot vote. They threatened to send him back to Mexico if he did not serve. Tino served. Tino recibió una carta del gobierno estadounidense al informarle que fue reclutado al ejército. Él trató de explicar que no pudo servir porque su familia lo necesitaba y porque le mandaba dinero a su abuela. El hombre le dijo que tuvo que ir porque su país lo necesita aunque solamente tuvo una carta verde. Se le dijo que tuvo todos los mismos derechos que un ciudadano estadounidense menos el voto. Ellos amenazaron con enviarlo de vuelta a México si no sirve. Tino sirvió. 51:36 - Sent grandma whatever he could Tino sent money to his grandmother in Laredo whenever he could. He even sent her money while he was serving in the military. He explains that it was �easier for him to send a money order while he was in the military because they were cheaper. Le mandó dinero a su abuela en Laredo cuando pudo. Él aún le mandó dinero cuando servía en el ejército. Él explica que fue más fácil para mandar un giro postal mientras que estaba en el ejército porque era más barato. 52:22 - African Americans have had it the worst Tino describes the group of people who served with him during basic training in South Carolina. He specifically remembers a particularly discriminatory moment with James Moore, an African American, when they went to Columbus, South Carolina. The waitress told Moore that they have a policy that states they don't serve "colored people". Moore was very polite and peacefully walked out. All of the soldiers who accompanied him to dinner also got up and left with him. One gentleman decided to share his thoughts, which included many insults to how racist southerners were. Moore was grateful for their support. Tino describe un grupo de gente con quien sirvió él durante la formación básica en South Carolina. Él específicamente recuerda un momento lo que fue particularmente discriminatorio con James Moore, un americano africano, cuando ellos fueron a Columbus, South Carolina. La mesera le dijo a Moore que el restaurante tiene una regla que dice que no sirve a la "gente colorada". Moore respondió con cortés y pacíficamente se fue del restaurante. Todos los soldados que lo acompañaban a la cena también se levantaron y se fueron con él. Un caballero decidió que quiso compartir sus sentimientos, los cuales incluyeron muchos insultos como los del sur son racistas. Moore estaba agradecido por su apoyo. 56:06 - You must know your serial number to leave the base Tino went to request a leave for the evening but could not remember his serial number. He was not allowed to leave until he could remember it. He didn't think it was important. Tino fue a pedir una salida para una noche pero no pudo recordar su número de serial. No obtuvo el permiso de irse hasta que él pudiera recordar su número de serial. Él no pensó que fuera importante. 57:39 - You can't come in because you are Puerto Rican �Tino and his friend Jose Robles were not allowed to enter the Rooster because Jose was Puerto Rican. They allowed Tino to enter, but once they realized that Jose was Puerto Rican they said he couldn't enter. Tino went back to see why they wouldn't let Jose in, they told him he couldn't come in because he was Puerto Rican. A group of Puerto Ricans from a different training site broke a bunch of windows and destroyed part of the bar in a bar fight the night before. They thought Tino and Jose were part of the same group. Eventually the two were allowed to enter. Tino y su amigo José Robles no estaban permitidos a entrar al Rooster porque José era puertorriqueño. Le permitieron que Tino entrara, pero cuando se dieron cuenta que José era puertorriqueño, le dijeron que no pudo entrar. Tino regresó para averiguar porque no le permitieron que José entrara, le dijeron que él no pudo entrar porque era puertorriqueño. Un grupo de puertorriqueños de otro sitio de formación rompió unas ventanas y destruyeron una parte del bar en una lucha la noche anterior. Ellos pensaron que Tino y José eran parte del mismo grupo. Eventualmente, se permitieron entrar a José y Tino. 1:00:04 - You can only buy a pitcher of beer Tino went to another bar that night to order a beer. They could only buy pitchers, so he and Jose bought a pitcher. A man in the bar told Tino that he needed to buy him a drink. He thought he was kidding since they had to buy them in pitchers. The man waited and finally confronted him because Tino didn't buy him one because he didn't want to be forced into buying one for a stranger. The man got mad and picked a fight with him. The police eventually came and told them to make peace or get arrested. Tino was fearless. Tino fue a otro bar esta misma noche para pedir una cerveza. Ellos pudieron solamente comprarla en jarras, entonces él y José compraron una jarra. Un hombre en el bar le dijo a Tino que él tuviera que comprarlo una bebida. Él pensó que estaba bromeando porque solo pudieron comprar las cervezas en jarras. El hombre esperó y finalmente se enfrentó a Tino porque él no lo compró una cerveza porque él no quiso ser forzado a comprar una cerveza para un extranjero. El hombre se puso muy enojado y empezó una pelea con Tino. Eventualmente la policía vino y les dijo que hubiera que hacer la paz o ser detenido. Tino no tuvo miedo. 1:05:14 - Tino is sent to the Dominican Republic during the Cuban Missile Crisis �After returning to Lackawanna, he was sent to the Dominican Republic to attack Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The majority of this group was bilingual and Hispanic. Fortunately, they did not have to attack Cuba because Khrushchev pulled the missiles out of Cuba. Después de volver a Lackawanna, él fue mandado a la República Dominicana para atacar a Cuba durante la crisis de los misiles en Cuba. La mayoría de este grupo fue bilingüe e hispana. Afortunadamente, ellos no tuvieron que atacar a Cuba porque Khrushchev sacó los misiles de Cuba. 1:07:27 - Tino receives orders to go to "chosen frozen" Tino was sent to Korea for one year. They received combat pay because it was a dangerous place. Tino fue mandado a Corea para un año. Ellos recibieron el pago de combate porque fue un lugar peligroso. 1:09:20 - 1964 orders to go to Vietnam Tino was sent to Vietnam. He heard horror stories that many soldiers before him died because the Vietnamese were waiting for them. They then turned into an air cavalry. Tino fue mandado a Vietnam. Él escuchó las historias de horror que muchos soldados murieron porque los vietnamitas los esperaban. Ellos se convirtieron en un calvario de aire. 1:10:10 - Tino did not go to Vietnam Tino never went to Vietnam because he only had three months left in his service, so his company commander did not send him to Vietnam to only send him back in three months. Tino joined a boxing league while he finished up his service. He returned to Lackawanna shortly after. Tino nunca fue a Vietnam porque solo le faltaban tres meses de servicio, entonces su comandante de compañía no le mandó a Vietnam porque tenía que mandarle a los EEUU en tres meses. Tino se unió a una liga de boxeo mientras que él terminaba su servicio. Él volvió a Lackawanna después de muy poco tiempo. 1:11:58 - Came back to L.A. �Tino came back to Lackawanna and got his job back at Bethlehem Steel. Even though he was doing well at work, he was still active in the community. Members from the University at Buffalo heard about his commitment to the Hispanic community and encouraged him to apply to the university under the G.I. Bill. Tino took their advice and got his bachelor’s degree in sociology. He then was offered a job from the city to work with minority groups, specifically to help prepare them for construction jobs. Tino volvió a Lackawanna y recogió su trabajo a Bethlehem Steel. Aunque él andaba bien al trabajo, él todavía estaba activo en la comunidad. Unos miembros de la Universidad a Búfalo aprendió sobre su compromiso a la comunidad hispana y le animaron a solicitar a la universidad bajo del programa del G.I. Bill. Tino tomó sus consejos y recibió su licenciatura en la sociología. Después él fue ofrecido un puesto de la ciudad para trabajar con las minorías, específicamente con la preparación de los empleos entrando en la construcción. 1:17:25 - Fighting gets Tino a new job Tino gets a call from the civil service department and interviews for a vocational rehabilitation counselor job. The man who interviewed him recognized him as a former boxer. Tino was qualified for the job because of his experience; however, he thought perhaps he got the job because of his fighting experience. Tino recibe una llamada del departamento de servicio civil y entrevista para un puesto de consejero de rehabilitación de vocación. El hombre que lo entrevistó, lo reconoció como un boxeador anterior. Tino tuvo los requisitos para el trabajo por su experiencia, pero, pensó que recibió el puesto por su experiencia de boxeo. 1:22:35 - Full time student and a worker Tino would work while he was in school. His employer allowed him to do this because the more education he received the better off the agency would be. He was never given free time, he made up his work in the evenings and on the weekends. Tino trabajaba mientras estaba estudiando. Su empleador le permitió que lo hiciera porque la más educación que recibiera lo mejor era la agencia. Él nunca tuvo tiempo libre, él hizo su trabajo durante las noches y los fines de semana cuando le faltó el tiempo al trabajo. �1:27:09 - Let's make a Latin Quarter in Buffalo Tino met with the presidents of the Puerto Rican, Mexican and Spanish clubs to see if they would unite to make a Latin Quarter like in New York City. The three presidents could not agree and the project never took place. Tino se juntó con los presidentes de los clubes puertorriqueño, mexicano y español para averiguar si ellos podían unirse y hacer un Cuarto Latino como en la Ciudad de Nueva York. Los tres presidentes no pudieron ponerse de acuerdo y el proyecto nunca se realizó. 1:30:19 - We need a lot of work Tino describes the need to make a unified Hispanic community in Western New York. Tino explica la necesidad de hacer una comunidad hispana unida en Western New York. 1:35:26 - Mexicans are hard workers There are six or seven generations of Mexicans in the area. Many were educated and successful but left for other opportunities. They were part of the economic growth of Lackawanna. Hay seis o siete generaciones de mexicanos en el área. Muchos fueron educados y tuvieron éxito pero se fueron para otras oportunidades. Ellos eran parte del aumento económico de Lackawanna. 1:37:56 - Community organization experience helps Tino start Hispanics United of Buffalo Tino explains how his work within the community helped him pool together an organization dedicated to the Hispanic community. He joined forces with academics from UB to put together a committee to find funding for this organization. Tino explica cómo su trabajo dentro de la comunidad lo ayudó a juntar una organización dedicada a la comunidad hispana. Él se unió las fuerzas con unos académicos de UB para juntar un comité para buscar fondos para el inicio de la organización. 1:44:03 - HUB continued �Tino continues explaining how the original committee decided on what to call the organization. They finally agreed on the Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. They received more than $150,000 to start the organization. Tino sigue explicando cómo el comité original decidió lo que llamaba la organización. Finalmente se pusieron de acuerdo con el nombre de Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. Ellos recibieron más que $150,000 para empezar la organización. 1:47:40 - The Hispanic has given so much to the community of Western New York Tino feels that Hispanics have really contributed to the Western New York and New York State communities. Even though there is a need for additional support, the Hispanic people have really helped our economy grow. Tino siente que los hispanos de verdad han contribuido mucho a las comunidades en Western New York y el estado de Nueva York. Aunque todavía hay mucho más trabajo que hacer en la comunidad, los hispanos han ayudado crecer la economía. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Lackawanna Public Library Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 2:01:05 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 1:04 - Mexicans are hard workers Mexicans are hard workers. Just like other migrant groups of the past, Mexicans came to the United States looking for better opportunities. They, like so many other migrant groups, leave their countries because of governmental corruption and other crimes against their people. Despite having its own problem, the United States is a much better environment for migrants. Los mexicanos son trabajadores fuertes. Como otros grupos de migrantes del pasado, los mexicanos vinieron a los Estados Unidos en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades. Ellos, como tantos otros grupos de migrantes, se fueron de sus países por la corrupción gubernamental y otros delitos contra de su gente. A pesar de tener sus propios problemas, los Estados Unidos tienen un mejor ambiente para los migrantes. 4:31 - Tino was born in Michoacán, México Tino was born in the southwest of Mexico in the state of Michoacán. Tino describes the climate and landscape of Michoacán, Mexico. Tino nació en la parte suroeste de México en el estado de Michoacán. Tino describe el clima y el paisaje de Michoacán, México. 5:40 - Many Mexicans acquire land after the Mexican Revolution After the Revolution, many Mexicans were able to acquire land. Después de la revolución mexicana, muchos mexicanos consiguieron tierra. 6:31 - Tino's family had the means to travel to the US Tino’s father and grandfather owned tractors signifying that they had means. Because of this wealth, Tino was able to get a passport, which made it easier for him to come to the United States. They originally had no intention of coming to the United States permanently. His family traveled between the U.S. and Mexico frequently. If you had a passport, it was easy to apply for residency in the southwest. El padre y el abuelo de Tino tuvieron sus propios tractores y eso significó que tuvieron dinero. Por esta riqueza, Tino consiguió un pasaporte, lo cual, le hizo más fácil la entrada a los Estados Unidos. Originalmente, ellos no tuvieron the intención de quedarse permanentemente en los Estados Unidos. Su familia viajaba entre los EEUU y México con frecuencia. Si tuviera un pasaporte, era muy fácil a pedir residencia en el suroeste. 7:23 - Family troubles Tino’s parents started to have problems. His father got married in California, USA. The woman came to look for him back in Mexico. Tino’s mother took the kids to Mexico City where they had relatives. They lived there and went to school there. It was a huge change for them since they were from a very small town in Michoacán. Tino talks about the dangers of growing up in rural Mexico and living with the wildlife. He tells this story to make a comparison to what he experiences in Mexico City. Los padres de Tino empezaron a tener problemas con su relación. Su padre se casó con otra mujer en California, EEUU. La mujer vino a buscar su padre en México. Después la madre de Tino llevó sus hijos al Distrito Federal (la Ciudad de México) donde ya tenía familia. Ellos vivieron ahí y asistieron a la escuela. Ese era un gran cambio para ellos porque vinieron de un pueblito en Michoacán. Tino explica los peligros de criarse en la parte rural de México y como vivir con su fauna. Él cuenta esta historia para hacer una comparación con lo que él experimenta en el D.F. 9:48 - The wild wild west was dangerous The wild, wild, west was very dangerous. Everyone ran around with pistols. There was no electricity, so you had to be extra careful. He explains the limited resources that were available to light a home and to allow people to cook. You had to look for a specific type of wood that was incredible. You didn't need a phone because you could yell and everyone would hear you. You could hear the violence taking place in the region. There were no police officers; therefore people could live without laws. El "wild, wild, west" fue muy peligroso. Todo el mundo tuvo pistolas. No hubo corriente, entonces uno tuvo que ser muy cuidadoso. Él explica los límites de los recursos disponibles para encender un hogar y para dar fuego al cocinar. Uno tuvo que buscar un cierto tipo de madera incendiaria. No se necesitó un teléfono porque se pudo gritar y todo el mundo se lo hubiera oído. Se pudo oír la violencia que tomó lugar en la región. No hubo la policía, entonces la gente se pudo vivir sin leyes. 13:30 - Tino's mother meets a man from Laredo, Texas His grandmother had family in Laredo. They renewed their passports so they could go back and forth between Mexico and the United States. Tino’s mother met a man who had relatives in Buffalo. Su abuela tuvo familia en Laredo, Texas. Ellos renovaron sus pasaportes para que pudieran viajar entre México y los EEUU. La madre de Tino conoció a un hombre que tuvo parientes en Búfalo. 15:59 - Why is this man marrying my mother? Tino’s mother was very young when he was born. He says they "grew up together". There were 6 children in the family. Tino didn't quite understand why this new man wanted to marry his mother with 6 children. He feared that the man was going to send them to the US and make them work or buy insurance policies and kill them each off. He was very skeptical of this new man. He admitted that his mother was very pretty. La madre de Tino era muy joven cuando él nació. Él dice que ellos "se criaron juntos". Hubo 6 hijos en la familia. Tino no entendió porque este nuevo hombre quiso casarse con su madre que ya tuvo 6 hijos. Él temió que el hombre los mandara a los EEUU y les hiciera trabajar o que él compara el seguro de vida para todos y matarlos uno por uno. Tino estuvo muy escéptico de este hombre. Eventualmente él admitió que su madre fue muy bonita. 17:41 - Why does Tino want to come to the US? It was easier for the family to immigrate since Tino’s mother was married to an American citizen. They completed all of the paperwork to legally immigrate. Tino had to speak with a female immigration officer. She asked him why he wanted to go to the United States. Tino responded that he didn't want to go and that it was his mother who wanted to immigrate. The officer was trying to figure out why the family was leaving Mexico. Tino didn't want to be a traitor to his country and explained that he had to go because his mother was. Fue más fácil a emigrar desde que su madre se casó con un ciudadano estadounidense. Ellos llenaron todas las formas para la inmigración legal. Tino tuvo que hablar con una aduanera. Ella le preguntó porque él quiso ir a los Estados Unidos. Él respondió que no quiso ir pero tuvo que ir con su madre quien se casó con el hombre estadounidense y que ella quiso emigrar. Tino no quiso ser traidor a su país y se lo explicó a la aduanera. 21:22 - It was tough living in a crowded house After immigrating they moved in with his mother´s mother-in-law. The house had pictures from the Mexican Revolution with guns larger than the man in the photos. Tino explains that it is difficult to live with them for an extended period of time because there were so many of them. They felt like they were always in the way. Después de emigrar, ellos se mudaron a la casa de la suegra de la madre de Tino. La casa tuvo fotos de la revolución mexicana con armas más grandes que los hombres en las fotos. Tino explica que después de un poco de tiempo volvió a ser difícil de vivir en la casa porque hubo tanta gente. Ellos se sintieron que les molestaron porque siempre ocuparon el mismo espacio. 22:40 - Tino is from New Mexico Tino went to school all by himself. Everyone thought he was from New Mexico. Tino just agreed politely. Tino asistió al primer día de escuela solito. Todo el mundo pensó que vino de Nuevo México. Tino se aportó sinceramente. 23:05 - Almost got hit by cars in Mexico City Tino went to school by himself. He was still a young kid from a rural part of Mexico. He was not used to the traffic in Mexico City. He almost got hit by trucks because he wasn't used to so much traffic. His mother told him to take care of himself. The same thing happened when he arrived in the United States. He was sent to school on his own. There was also lots of traffic. Tino asistió a la escuela solito. Él era jovencito de una parte rural de México. No estaba acostumbrado a la circulación en el D.F. Él casi se chocó con unos camiones porque no estaba acostumbrado a tanta circulación. Su madre le dijo que se cuidara en camino a la escuela. Lo mismo pasó cuando llegó en los EEUU. Su madre le mandó a la escuela solito. Otra vez hubo mucha circulación. 24:05 – Where are the buildings? Tino thought that all of New York State was like New York City. Tino pensó que todo el estado de Nueva York fue como la ciudad de Nueva York. 24:25 - Dust equals progress Tino learns that the dust and smoke hanging over Lackawanna equates to success. People were happy with the pollution because it meant that people were working. Tino aprende que el polvo y el humo encima de Lackawanna significa el éxito. La gente estuvo feliz con la polución porque quiso decir que la gente trabajaba. 25:10 – The nice guy learns English and a few other valuable lessons Tino was in very good shape. He was a boxer when he was younger. Because of this, he was very disciplined, dressed nicely and always had a friendly personality. At first he didn't understand English but quickly learned when people started talking to him. He found learning English to be very easy because there were a lot of similarities between it and Spanish, as well as with Latin and other languages he could understand. It took him about 3 months to learn English. He knew he understood it well because he started to dream in English. Tino felt very comfortable in his community and speaking with people in the community. He also maintained his ability to speak Spanish because there were so many Spanish speaking members in the community. Tino siempre estaba en buena forma. Él era boxeador cuando era joven. Por eso, él tenía buena disciplina, se vestía bien y siempre era amable. Al principio, no entendió el inglés pero rápidamente lo aprendió cuando mucha gente empezó a hablarle. Él descubrió que al aprender el inglés no sería tan difícil por las semejanzas entre el español y el inglés, tanto como con el latín y otros idiomas que pudo entender. No lo tomó más que tres meses para entender bien el inglés. Supo que lo entendió cuando una noche soñó completamente en inglés. Tino se sintió muy cómodo en su comunidad, especialmente hablando con la gente en la comunidad. Él también mantuvo su capacidad de hablar en español porque hubo una grande población de hispanohablantes de distintos lugares. 29:04 - Lackawanna is the city of the United Nations Tino found that living in Lackawanna had its benefits because it was an amalgam of different cultures. Everyone was there for the same things. Lackawanna was called the "City of the United Nations. The migrants who settled there came specifically to work in industry (Bethlehem Steel) or other places of employment of the same nature. It was easy for newcomers to live there because of the diversity and the similar lifestyles they were all living. Tino encontró que hubo muchos beneficios en la vivienda en Lackawanna porque fue una amalgama de culturas distintas. Todo el mundo estuvo ahí para las mismas razones. Se llamó Lackawanna "la Ciudad de las Naciones Unidas". Los migrantes que hicieron la vivienda ahí, vinieron específicamente para trabajar en la industria (Bethlehem Steel) o en otros lugares de empleo de la misma manera. Era fácil vivir ahí para los nuevos llegados por la diversidad y las viviendas semejantes que todo el mundo vivía. 29:51 - Fiesta Patriotica celebrates Mexican festivities The Mexican Club was established in the 1930s (1935 or 1937) solely for the purpose of celebrating Mexican holidays. They were also called the Fiesta Patriótica. El Club Social Mexicano fue establecido en los años 30. (1935 o 1937) solamente por el propósito de festejar los feriados mexicanos. También se llamó la Fiesta Patriótica. 31:07 - Tino's family never went on welfare No one used the word "welfare" in terms of social benefits. At first, Tino didn´t realized what the word meant in those terms since there were venues such as the Spanish Welfare Association, which actually was a social venue. Tino’s family never went on welfare even when his stepfather was unemployed. There was some relief available to people who needed extra help. They received rations of butter, flour, beans and cheese; however they never relied on social benefits to survive. Nadie usó la palabra "welfare" en los términos de los beneficios sociales. Al principio, Tino no se dio cuenta del sentido de esos términos porque hubo lugares como la Asociación Social Español (confirma esta traducción), la cual actualmente era un lugar social. La familia de Tino nunca pidió ayuda de los servicios sociales aun cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado. Hubo un poco de asistencia a la gente que la necesitó. Ellos recibieron raciones de manteca, harina, frijoles y queso, pero ellos nunca confiaron solamente en los beneficios sociales para sobrevivir. 32:37 - Mom starts a specialty Mexican store but misses a huge opportunity Tino’s grandfather gave his mother some money to start a store called Garcia´s Grocery Store. She owned the first business to sell Mexican ingredients. People would travel from Canada to purchase these ingredients. Before this, you had to go to Detroit to get authentic Mexican products. She was offered the opportunity to be a distributor of Mexican products but decided to just run her own business. She lost out on a huge business since no one else was distributing Mexican products in the region. El abuelo de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para empezar una tienda que se llamó Garcia’s Grocery Store. Ella fue dueña del primer negocio que vendió ingredientes mexicanos. La gente de Canadá viajó a Búfalo para comprar los ingredientes. Antes de este momento se tuvo que ir a Detroit para encontrar los productos mexicanos auténticos. Ella estaba ofrecida la oportunidad de distribuir los productos mexicanos pero decidió que quiso manejar su propio negocio. Ella perdió una buena oportunidad porque nadie distribuía este tipo de producto en la región. 34:10 - Mom buys a farm in Eden Tino’s father gave his mother some money to start the store. His mother then purchased 72 acres and started a farm in Eden, NY in 1960. The land had a house and a barn and only cost $19,500. She put down a down payment and paid a very low mortgage. El padre de Tino le dio dinero a su madre para que abriera la tienda. Luego, su madre compró un pedazo de tierra de 72 acres y empezó una granja en Eden, NY en el año 1960. La tierra tuvo una casa y un granero y solo le cobró $29,500. Ella puso una entrega y después pagó una hipoteca muy baja. 35:11 - Everyone would work The family lived on 211 Ingam Avenue above the store. Tino’s mom and brother worked in the store and his stepfather worked at Bethlehem Steel. His stepfather still had family in Laredo so they traveled back and forth every year. They owned property in Buffalo and everyone was working so they were never in need of governmental assistance. Even during the strike, when his stepfather was laid off, there was plenty of support within the family. They did not need to reach out for relief. La familia vivió a 211 Avenida Ingam encima de la tienda. La madre de Tino y su hermano trabajaron a la tienda y su padrastro trabajó a Bethlehem Steel. Su padrastro todavía tuvo familia en Laredo entonces la familia viajó entre Laredo y Búfalo cada año. Ellos fueron dueños de la propiedad en Búfalo y todo el mundo en la familia trabajaba, entonces nunca necesitaron la asistencia del gobierno. Aun durante la huelga, cuando su padrastro estaba desempleado, se soportaron dentro de la familia. No necesitaron buscar ayuda. 36:48 - The Spanish Club threw an Independence Day Festivity for Mexicans The Spanish Club threw Mexican Independence Day celebrations. Tino finds this hilarious because the celebration is to commemorate Mexico gaining its independence from Spain and the Spanish Club is the one hosting it. El Club Español dio una celebración para el Día de Independencia en México. Tino lo encuentro histérico porque la celebración es para conmemorar la independencia de México de España y aquí tenemos el Club Español acogiendo la celebración. 37:15 - In 1947 the Centro Social Mexicano of Western New York was incorporated The Mexican Club officially started in 1947. It was officially called the Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. People would come from various parts of New York and Canada. El Club Mexicano oficialmente empezó en el año 1947. Oficialmente se lo llamó el Centro Social Mexicano de Western New York. La gente vino de varias partes de Nueva York y Canadá. 38:07 - An honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo There was an honorary Mexican Council here in Buffalo. A man with the last name Russell came from Germany but lived in Mexico for many years conducting business. He then relocated to Buffalo, NY. Because of the diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, they set up an honorary Mexican Council in Buffalo. He was put in charge of it. Hubo un Consejo Mexicano honorado aquí en Búfalo. Un hombre con el apellido de Russell vino de Alemania pero vivió en México por muchos años haciendo negocios. Después se mudó a Búfalo, NY. Por las relaciones diplomáticas entre los EEUU y México, ellos iniciaron un Consejo Mexicano honorado en Búfalo. Él fue puesto encargado de este Consejo. 39:36 - Started his social work career at a very young age as an interpreter People would come to Tino for help translating at places such as Social Services. Hospitals, schools, etc. They knew he was bilingual. This is how he became interested in pursuing a career in social work. Mucha gente vino a Tino pidiéndole ayuda en lugares como a los Servicios Sociales, los hospitales, las escuelas, etc. Ellos supieron que él era bilingüe. Este es como a él empezó a interesarse la idea de perseguir una carrera en la asistencia social. 40:33 - There were a lot of jobs Tino explains his first working experiences in Buffalo. He started off in a restaurant and then ended up at Buffalo Break Beam making $7/hr, which, at the time was a lot of money. Buffalo Break Beam was a busy national factory which made tired hand breaks for trains. Tino looked at work as a way to exercise and make money, so he was always willing to work hard. Tino explica sus primeras experiencias con el trabajo en Búfalo. Él empezó trabajando en un restaurante y luego encontró trabajo en Búfalo Break Beam ganando $7/hra, lo cual en esta época era mucho. Búfalo Break Beam era una fábrica nacional concurrida la cual hacía los frenos de mano para los ferrocarriles. Tino vio el trabajo como manera de hacer los ejercicios y ganar dinero, entonces, siempre tuvo ganas de trabajar duro. 43:22 - Learns the meaning of "DP" Tino learns what the word "displaced person" means. His mother thought maybe they were displaced people but they never went through war and horrible crises in their home country. They never had to "dodge bullets". Tino aprende lo que quería decir la palabra "persona desplazada". Su madre pensó que quizás ellos fueron desplazados pero ellos nunca vivieron por una guerra en sus países natales. Ellos nunca tuvieron que "esquivar las balas". 44:22 - There were various employment opportunities in Western New York Tino explains that there were different employment opportunities--not just farms and industry. He explains the different positions he had and how he was always working since a young age. Tino explica que hubo oportunidades diferentes para empleo--no solamente en las granjas y la industria. Él describe los puestos diferentes que tenía y como él siempre estaba trabajando desde una edad joven. 45:16 - Tino gets a job with Bethlehem Steel Tino meets a connection to his future job at Bethlehem Steel. Mr. Miller offered him a job at Bethlehem Steel--asking if he is ready for work. Gave him a contact name at the plant. Shortly after Tino was hired to work in the structural shipping department. Bethlehem Steel had a union and paid a better salary. Tino conoce a un vínculo a su trabajo futuro a Bethlehem Steel. Sr. Miller le ofreció un puesto a Bethlehem Steel--preguntándole si estaba listo para trabajar. Él dio un nombre de contacto a la planta. Muy poco después fue contratado para trabajar en el departamento de envio estructural. Bethlehem Steel tuvo una unión y pagó un salario mejor. 47:40 - Mexicans are hard workers Tino believes that Mexicans are hard workers. They are willing to do whatever they need to in order to make money--as long as it is legal. They believe in helping one another and succeeding. Tino cree que los mexicanos son buenos trabajadores. Ellos están dispuestos a hacer lo que sea necesario para ganar dinero--con tal de que sea legal. Ellos creen que hay que ayudar a los otros para tener éxito. 48:29 - Never knew what it was to pay medical bills Tino was a very healthy man who rarely went to the doctors. Despite not needing the services, he felt assured that he was lucky enough to have coverage in case something did happen. He expresses his concern for current health care discussions and the people who wish to cut social services. He feels it is necessary to have these services so people don't resort to violence to obtain their basic needs. Tino era un hombre muy saludable y casi nunca fue al médico. A pesar de no necesitar los servicios, se sentía asegurado que tuvo mucha suerte tener el seguro por la casualidad de que algo le pasara. Él explica su preocupación para los debates sobre el sistema de salud hoy en día. Él siente que es necesario que se tengan estos servicios para que la gente no recurra a la violencia para obtener las necesidades básicas. 49:28 - Drafted into the military even though he was not a U.S. citizen Tino received a letter from the U.S. government informing him that he was drafted into the military. He tried to explain that he cannot go because of his family and because he was sending money to his grandmother. The man told him he had to go because his country needs him even though he only had a green card. He was told he had all of the same rights as a U.S. citizen except he cannot vote. They threatened to send him back to Mexico if he did not serve. Tino served. Tino recibió una carta del gobierno estadounidense al informarle que fue reclutado al ejército. Él trató de explicar que no pudo servir porque su familia lo necesitaba y porque le mandaba dinero a su abuela. El hombre le dijo que tuvo que ir porque su país lo necesita aunque solamente tuvo una carta verde. Se le dijo que tuvo todos los mismos derechos que un ciudadano estadounidense menos el voto. Ellos amenazaron con enviarlo de vuelta a México si no sirve. Tino sirvió. 51:36 - Sent grandma whatever he could Tino sent money to his grandmother in Laredo whenever he could. He even sent her money while he was serving in the military. He explains that it was easier for him to send a money order while he was in the military because they were cheaper. Le mandó dinero a su abuela en Laredo cuando pudo. Él aún le mandó dinero cuando servía en el ejército. Él explica que fue más fácil para mandar un giro postal mientras que estaba en el ejército porque era más barato. 52:22 - African Americans have had it the worst Tino describes the group of people who served with him during basic training in South Carolina. He specifically remembers a particularly discriminatory moment with James Moore, an African American, when they went to Columbus, South Carolina. The waitress told Moore that they have a policy that states they don't serve "colored people". Moore was very polite and peacefully walked out. All of the soldiers who accompanied him to dinner also got up and left with him. One gentleman decided to share his thoughts, which included many insults to how racist southerners were. Moore was grateful for their support. Tino describe un grupo de gente con quien sirvió él durante la formación básica en South Carolina. Él específicamente recuerda un momento lo que fue particularmente discriminatorio con James Moore, un americano africano, cuando ellos fueron a Columbus, South Carolina. La mesera le dijo a Moore que el restaurante tiene una regla que dice que no sirve a la "gente colorada". Moore respondió con cortés y pacíficamente se fue del restaurante. Todos los soldados que lo acompañaban a la cena también se levantaron y se fueron con él. Un caballero decidió que quiso compartir sus sentimientos, los cuales incluyeron muchos insultos como los del sur son racistas. Moore estaba agradecido por su apoyo. 56:06 - You must know your serial number to leave the base Tino went to request a leave for the evening but could not remember his serial number. He was not allowed to leave until he could remember it. He didn't think it was important. Tino fue a pedir una salida para una noche pero no pudo recordar su número de serial. No obtuvo el permiso de irse hasta que él pudiera recordar su número de serial. Él no pensó que fuera importante. 57:39 - You can't come in because you are Puerto Rican Tino and his friend Jose Robles were not allowed to enter the Rooster because Jose was Puerto Rican. They allowed Tino to enter, but once they realized that Jose was Puerto Rican they said he couldn't enter. Tino went back to see why they wouldn't let Jose in, they told him he couldn't come in because he was Puerto Rican. A group of Puerto Ricans from a different training site broke a bunch of windows and destroyed part of the bar in a bar fight the night before. They thought Tino and Jose were part of the same group. Eventually the two were allowed to enter. Tino y su amigo José Robles no estaban permitidos a entrar al Rooster porque José era puertorriqueño. Le permitieron que Tino entrara, pero cuando se dieron cuenta que José era puertorriqueño, le dijeron que no pudo entrar. Tino regresó para averiguar porque no le permitieron que José entrara, le dijeron que él no pudo entrar porque era puertorriqueño. Un grupo de puertorriqueños de otro sitio de formación rompió unas ventanas y destruyeron una parte del bar en una lucha la noche anterior. Ellos pensaron que Tino y José eran parte del mismo grupo. Eventualmente, se permitieron entrar a José y Tino. 1:00:04 - You can only buy a pitcher of beer Tino went to another bar that night to order a beer. They could only buy pitchers, so he and Jose bought a pitcher. A man in the bar told Tino that he needed to buy him a drink. He thought he was kidding since they had to buy them in pitchers. The man waited and finally confronted him because Tino didn't buy him one because he didn't want to be forced into buying one for a stranger. The man got mad and picked a fight with him. The police eventually came and told them to make peace or get arrested. Tino was fearless. Tino fue a otro bar esta misma noche para pedir una cerveza. Ellos pudieron solamente comprarla en jarras, entonces él y José compraron una jarra. Un hombre en el bar le dijo a Tino que él tuviera que comprarlo una bebida. Él pensó que estaba bromeando porque solo pudieron comprar las cervezas en jarras. El hombre esperó y finalmente se enfrentó a Tino porque él no lo compró una cerveza porque él no quiso ser forzado a comprar una cerveza para un extranjero. El hombre se puso muy enojado y empezó una pelea con Tino. Eventualmente la policía vino y les dijo que hubiera que hacer la paz o ser detenido. Tino no tuvo miedo. 1:05:14 - Tino is sent to the Dominican Republic during the Cuban Missile Crisis After returning to Lackawanna, he was sent to the Dominican Republic to attack Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The majority of this group was bilingual and Hispanic. Fortunately, they did not have to attack Cuba because Khrushchev pulled the missiles out of Cuba. Después de volver a Lackawanna, él fue mandado a la República Dominicana para atacar a Cuba durante la crisis de los misiles en Cuba. La mayoría de este grupo fue bilingüe e hispana. Afortunadamente, ellos no tuvieron que atacar a Cuba porque Khrushchev sacó los misiles de Cuba. 1:07:27 - Tino receives orders to go to "chosen frozen" Tino was sent to Korea for one year. They received combat pay because it was a dangerous place. Tino fue mandado a Corea para un año. Ellos recibieron el pago de combate porque fue un lugar peligroso. 1:09:20 - 1964 orders to go to Vietnam Tino was sent to Vietnam. He heard horror stories that many soldiers before him died because the Vietnamese were waiting for them. They then turned into an air cavalry. Tino fue mandado a Vietnam. Él escuchó las historias de horror que muchos soldados murieron porque los vietnamitas los esperaban. Ellos se convirtieron en un calvario de aire. 1:10:10 - Tino did not go to Vietnam Tino never went to Vietnam because he only had three months left in his service, so his company commander did not send him to Vietnam to only send him back in three months. Tino joined a boxing league while he finished up his service. He returned to Lackawanna shortly after. Tino nunca fue a Vietnam porque solo le faltaban tres meses de servicio, entonces su comandante de compañía no le mandó a Vietnam porque tenía que mandarle a los EEUU en tres meses. Tino se unió a una liga de boxeo mientras que él terminaba su servicio. Él volvió a Lackawanna después de muy poco tiempo. 1:11:58 - Came back to L.A. Tino came back to Lackawanna and got his job back at Bethlehem Steel. Even though he was doing well at work, he was still active in the community. Members from the University at Buffalo heard about his commitment to the Hispanic community and encouraged him to apply to the university under the G.I. Bill. Tino took their advice and got his bachelor’s degree in sociology. He then was offered a job from the city to work with minority groups, specifically to help prepare them for construction jobs. Tino volvió a Lackawanna y recogió su trabajo a Bethlehem Steel. Aunque él andaba bien al trabajo, él todavía estaba activo en la comunidad. Unos miembros de la Universidad a Búfalo aprendió sobre su compromiso a la comunidad hispana y le animaron a solicitar a la universidad bajo del programa del G.I. Bill. Tino tomó sus consejos y recibió su licenciatura en la sociología. Después él fue ofrecido un puesto de la ciudad para trabajar con las minorías, específicamente con la preparación de los empleos entrando en la construcción. 1:17:25 - Fighting gets Tino a new job Tino gets a call from the civil service department and interviews for a vocational rehabilitation counselor job. The man who interviewed him recognized him as a former boxer. Tino was qualified for the job because of his experience; however, he thought perhaps he got the job because of his fighting experience. Tino recibe una llamada del departamento de servicio civil y entrevista para un puesto de consejero de rehabilitación de vocación. El hombre que lo entrevistó, lo reconoció como un boxeador anterior. Tino tuvo los requisitos para el trabajo por su experiencia, pero, pensó que recibió el puesto por su experiencia de boxeo. 1:22:35 - Full time student and a worker Tino would work while he was in school. His employer allowed him to do this because the more education he received the better off the agency would be. He was never given free time, he made up his work in the evenings and on the weekends. Tino trabajaba mientras estaba estudiando. Su empleador le permitió que lo hiciera porque la más educación que recibiera lo mejor era la agencia. Él nunca tuvo tiempo libre, él hizo su trabajo durante las noches y los fines de semana cuando le faltó el tiempo al trabajo. 1:27:09 - Let's make a Latin Quarter in Buffalo Tino met with the presidents of the Puerto Rican, Mexican and Spanish clubs to see if they would unite to make a Latin Quarter like in New York City. The three presidents could not agree and the project never took place. Tino se juntó con los presidentes de los clubes puertorriqueño, mexicano y español para averiguar si ellos podían unirse y hacer un Cuarto Latino como en la Ciudad de Nueva York. Los tres presidentes no pudieron ponerse de acuerdo y el proyecto nunca se realizó. 1:30:19 - We need a lot of work Tino describes the need to make a unified Hispanic community in Western New York. Tino explica la necesidad de hacer una comunidad hispana unida en Western New York. 1:35:26 - Mexicans are hard workers There are six or seven generations of Mexicans in the area. Many were educated and successful but left for other opportunities. They were part of the economic growth of Lackawanna. Hay seis o siete generaciones de mexicanos en el área. Muchos fueron educados y tuvieron éxito pero se fueron para otras oportunidades. Ellos eran parte del aumento económico de Lackawanna. 1:37:56 - Community organization experience helps Tino start Hispanics United of Buffalo Tino explains how his work within the community helped him pool together an organization dedicated to the Hispanic community. He joined forces with academics from UB to put together a committee to find funding for this organization. Tino explica cómo su trabajo dentro de la comunidad lo ayudó a juntar una organización dedicada a la comunidad hispana. Él se unió las fuerzas con unos académicos de UB para juntar un comité para buscar fondos para el inicio de la organización. 1:44:03 - HUB continued Tino continues explaining how the original committee decided on what to call the organization. They finally agreed on the Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. They received more than $150,000 to start the organization. Tino sigue explicando cómo el comité original decidió lo que llamaba la organización. Finalmente se pusieron de acuerdo con el nombre de Puerto Rican Chicano Committee. Ellos recibieron más que $150,000 para empezar la organización. 1:47:40 - The Hispanic has given so much to the community of Western New York Tino feels that Hispanics have really contributed to the Western New York and New York State communities. Even though there is a need for additional support, the Hispanic people have really helped our economy grow. Tino siente que los hispanos de verdad han contribuido mucho a las comunidades en Western New York y el estado de Nueva York. Aunque todavía hay mucho más trabajo que hacer en la comunidad, los hispanos han ayudado crecer la economía. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juventino Mejia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Juventino Mejia (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview with Juventino Mejia was conducted on August 2, 2012 by Stephanie Bucalo at the Lackawanna Public Library on Ridge Road in Lackawanna, NY. Juventino was born in the state of Michoacán, México and migrated to the United States, first to Laredo, Texas, with his mother and then later to Buffalo where his mother joined her future husband. Juventino is a very charismatic storyteller. He begins his story back in México and the southwestern part of the United States where he depicts a lawless land and one where man must overcome the perilous nature surrounding him. Tino, short for Juventino, was fortunate enough to come from a family that had the means to obtain a passport and legal passage to the United States. Because of this advantage, Tino was able to complete his formal secondary education, was enlisted in the U.S. Army (even though he was not a U.S. citizen yet), obtained gainful employment, completed higher education under the G.I. Bill and later on became very active in the Hispanic community as an advocate for those who needed support. Despite that fact that Tino’s arrival was slightly easier than many others who arrived at this time, Tino’s family still faced the same challenges that other Hispanic families endured during this time period. They never went on welfare, but everyone in the house helped in any way they could. After serving in the Korean War, Juventino returned to Buffalo and began to pursue a degree and career in Social Work. He became very involved in the Hispanic community as an advocate and a founder of Hispanic based organizations. Tino was also a boxer and musician. Esta entrevista con Juventino Mejia fue conducida el 2 de agosto 2012 por Stephanie Bucalo a la Biblioteca Pública de Lackawanna en Ridge Road en Lackawanna, NY. Juventino nació en el estado de Michoacán, México y emigró a los Estados Unidos, primero a Laredo, Texas, con su madre y luego más tarde a Búfalo donde su madre se reunió con su nuevo esposo. Juventino cuenta su historia con mucho carisma. Él empieza su historia en México y el suroeste de los Estaos Unidos donde él pinta una tierra sin leyes y una donde el hombre tiene que superar lo peligroso de la tierra salvaje alrededor de él. Tino, corto para Juventino, fue bastante afortunado a venir de una familia que tenía los medios para obtener un pasaporte y pasaje legal a los Estados Unidos. Por esta ventaja, Tino cumplió su educación formal, se alistó al ejército estadounidense (Aunque ya no fue ciudadano estadounidense), obtuvo empleo retribuido, cumplió su título avanzado de la universidad bajo del G.I. Bill y más tarde se volvió muy activo en la comunidad hispana como un defensor para los que necesitan el apoyo. A pesar del hecho que la llegada de Tino era más fácil para él que a los demás que han llegado a ese tiempo, la familia de Tino sintió los mismos desafíos que las otras familias hispanas soportaron durante este periodo. Ellos nunca necesitaron la asistencia gubernamental, pero todo el mundo en la casa hicieron su parte para mantener una buena vida. Después de servir en la Guerra Coreana, Juventino volvió a Búfalo y empezó a perseguir un título y una carrera en el trabajo social. Él se puso muy activo en la comunidad hispana como defensor y un fundador de unas organizaciones basadas en la comunidad hispana. Tino también fue boxeador y músico. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-08-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. Employment and Labor Migration Military http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/8779d534cf642f0b0dd2ba924300f66d.mp3 52879ac8f928a58ddc3fea01eb30e2f4 http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/0e9142924b7765a99865593f8c4ddd24.mp3 992f480dd3043c06f245a3c2c319360c http://omeka.buffalolib.org/files/original/85d33155879412dbdb91cb252cf431d1.pdf ddbc3cc09468e75cc01f7d59428a6425 PDF Text Text Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY “Bring Us Your History!” Project Interviewee: Juan Texidor Interview Location: In his home on Pennsylvania Avenue, Buffalo, NY Interview Date: July 31, 2012 Interview Conducted by: Stephanie Bucalo Length: 0:29:40, 0:12:34 Executive Summary: This interview was conducted on July 31, 2012 with Juan Texidor at his home on Pennsylvania Street in Buffalo, NY by Stephanie Bucalo. The interview took place on his front porch. There are ambient noises from passing cars and people in the neighborhood talking and playing. The entire interview is in Spanish. Juan Texidor was born in Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico and migrated to Western New York in 1951. Juan completed part of his formal education in Puerto Rico but completed his High School degree at Buffalo Evening School at Bennett High School as a full-working adult. Juan was employed by the Ford Motor Company and very active in the Hispanic community. He eventually became a very well-known voice on the airwaves with his weekly Spanish language radio program. Juan was one of the founding fathers of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street and was a member of the board for various Hispanic organizations until the language at the meetings became English heavy. Juan offers his opinions about the Hispanic community in Buffalo, especially in terms of education and the social changes taking place. He also shares his thoughts on how Puerto Rico has changed since his childhood and where he thinks the island is heading economically, politically and socially. Resumen Ejecutivo: Esta entrevista fue conducida el 31 de Julio 2012 con Juan Texidor en su casa en la Calle Pennsylvania en Buffalo, NY por Stephanie Bucalo. La entrevista tomó lugar en el porche adelante. Hubo una abundancia de ruidos ambientes de los coches pasando por la casa y los vecinos que estaban hablando y jugando. La entrevista entera es en español. Juan Texidor nació en la Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico y migró al Oeste de Nueva York en 1951. Juan cumplió una parte de su educación formal en Puerto Rico pero la cumplió por completo a Buffalo Evening School a Bennett High School como un adulto trabajando fulltime. Juan fue empleado por Ford Motor Company y fue muy activo en la comunidad �hispana. Él eventualmente se volvió una voz bien conocida por las alas de radio con su programa de radio en español semanal. Juan fue uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la Calle Swan y fue un miembro de juntas varias de unas organizaciones hispanas en la comunidad hasta el momento en que las conversaciones se convirtieron fuertemente en inglés. Juan ofrece sus opiniones sobre la comunidad hispana en Búfalo, especialmente en términos de la educación y los cambios sociales que están tomando lugar en ese momento. También comparte sus pensamientos sobre cómo ha cambiado Puerto Rico desde su niñez y a dónde cree que la isla va económicamente, políticamente y socialmente. Story Clips: 1:01 - Juan comes directly to Buffalo from Arroyo, Puerto Rico Juan Texidor introduces himself. Juan arrived in Buffalo in 1951 from the small town of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan came looking for work. After 4 weeks, he was able to find a job at Ford Motor Company. He worked there for 34 years. Juan Texidor se presenta. Juan llegó a Búfalo en 1951 del pequeño pueblo, Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan vino aquí en búsqueda de trabajo. Después de 4 semanas, consiguió un puesto con Ford Motor Company. Él trabajó ahí por 34 años. 1:03 - Juan bought a house on Pennsylvania Street Juan moved to the west side of Buffalo. He originally lived on West Chippewa St., but then bought a house on Pennsylvania St. in 1975. He and his wife (now deceased) lived there for 37 years. Juan se mudó al west side de Búfalo. Originalmente vivía en la calle West Chippewa, pero compró una casa en la calle Pennsylvania en el año 1975. Él y su esposa (ahora fallecida) vivían ahí por 37 años. 2:12 - Juan finished high school at Buffalo Evening School Juan started Buffalo evening high school to finish his high school degree. He had 2 years of high school education before arriving in Buffalo. He wanted to continue studying but was working full-time. �Juan asistió al Buffalo Evening High School para terminar su educación secundaria. Le faltaron dos años de la educación secundaria antes de llegar a Búfalo. Él quiso seguir estudiando pero ya encontró trabajo 2:13 - He married his wife in New York City Juan married his wife in 1957 in New York City. He met his wife in Buffalo but she was from NYC. They were together for 47 years. She passed away in 2006. Juan se casó con su esposa en el año 1957 en Nueva York. Conoció a su esposa en Búfalo, pero ella era de Nueva York. Compartieron 47 años de sus vidas juntos. Ella falleció en el año 2006. 2:42 – He participated in many community organizations Juan was involved in many community organizations. He first belonged to the la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua (Puerto Rican Society of Mutual Help) for about 4 years. He was also involved in the Junta Consejera de Comunidad (can’t understand) Bilingüe and a board member of Hispanics United of Buffalo. Juan se involucraba en muchas organizaciones de la comunidad. Primero, perteneció a la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua por más o menos 4 años. Fue involucrado con la Junta Consejera de Comunidad (falta una parte) Bilingüe y fue miembro de los directores de los Hispanos Unidos de Búfalo. 3:47 – He was one of the founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center Juan was one of the original founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street. He also helped start the Grease Pole Festival in Buffalo. He was a commentator for 4 years. Juan era uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la calle Swan. También ayudó a iniciar El Palo Ensebao en Búfalo. Él era comentarista por 4 años. 6:13 – Juan starts a Spanish language radio show Jimmy Ruiz began the Spanish language in Western New York. When they moved the radio show to the Pucho Olivencia Center, Juan took over the program. Luis Marchany and Ricardo Acosta helped him with the program. �(WJJL - Started on WHLD in Niagara Falls, but then moved to WJJL). They would broadcast the program every single Sunday all year around. Jimmy Ruiz empezó la estación en español en Western New York. Cuando cambiaron el lugar de la transmisión del programa al Centro Pucho Olivencia, Juan asumió la responsabilidad del programa. Luis Marchany y Ricardo Acosta lo ayudaron con el programa. (WJJL - empezó en el canal WHLD en Niagara Falls, pero se mudó a WJJL). Transmitían el programa cada domingo por todo el año. 6:14 - Jimmy Ruiz starts a radio show in Niagara Falls Jimmy Ruíz started a Spanish language radio station broadcasting from Niagara Falls. Juan filled in for Jimmy when Jimmy went back to Puerto Rico to go to school. Juan travelled to Niagara Falls for 29 years as the broadcaster of the only Spanish language radio station in the region. The program only broadcasted on Sundays. The radio started on WHLD but ended up on WJJL. Jimmy Ruiz empezó una estación en español transmitiendo de Niagara Falls. Juan asumió su posición cuando Jimmy volvió a Puerto Rico para asistir a la escuela. Juan viajó a Niagara Falls por 29 años como locutor de la única estación de radio en español. El programa solamente se transmitía los domingos. La estación de radio empezó en el canal WHLD pero cambió al de WJJL. 8:05 – He looked for announcements and news for the Hispanic Community Juan was responsible for finding news from the Hispanic community and transmitting it on the airwaves. He retired'--along with the show'--in the 90's. Juan era encargado a buscar las noticias de la comunidad hispana y transmitirlas en las olas de radio. Se retiró--también del programa--en los 90. 8:38 – They relocated the radio station to downtown Buffalo Eventually, there was a Spanish language radio station in downtown Buffalo. Juan continued as a broadcaster in Buffalo but it didn't last long because it became too much work for one person. Now there is only one Spanish language radio show (1 hour long) on WJJL. �Eventualmente, se puso el programa de radio en español en el centro de Búfalo. Juan continuó como locutor en Búfalo pero no duró mucho porque fue demasiado trabajo para una persona. Ahora, hay solamente un programa de radio en español (dura 1 hora) en WJJL. 10:12 – He no longer belongs to any organizations Juan no longer participates in any community organizations. He continues to support local community leaders but has since retired from Hispanics United of Buffalo and any other organization he once served with. Juan ya no participa con ninguna organización de la comunidad. Él sigue apoyando a los líderes de la comunidad pero desde entonces se ha retirado de los Hispanos Unidos y cualquiera otra organización en que algún momento sirvió. 4:05 – Juan explains why he is involved in the community Juan explains why he chose to be involved in the Hispanic community. Since he had time, he could try and help the community progress. He was part of Hispanics United as a board member for more than 10 years but had to retire because the board shifted to English only meetings and he was unable to comfortably follow the conversations. English has always been very difficult for him. Juan explica por qué eligió involucrarse en la comunidad hispana. Desde entonces tenía tiempo, él podía tratar y ayudar al progreso de la comunidad. Él fue parte de los Hispanos Unidos como miembro de los directores por más de 10 años pero dejó este puesto porque las conversaciones se convirtieron al inglés y se sintió incómodo tratando de seguirlas. El inglés siempre ha sido muy difícil para él. 7:12 – He compares life today in Puerto Rico with what it was like when he was younger Juan shares his observations of what Puerto Rico is like today compared to what he knew when he was younger. He returned to Puerto Rico for a funeral and was surprised to see some traditions stick but also noticed some huge commercial and linguistic changes. He was very uncomfortable with the amount of Spanglish in the colloquial language. He feels that the Spanish language has been degraded. �Juan comparte sus observaciones de cómo se ve Puerto Rico hoy en día en comparación a lo que se parecía cuando era más joven. Él volvió a Puerto Rico para un funeral y fue sorprendido a ver que algunas de las tradiciones todavía existen pero también se notó que hubo algunos cambios comerciales y lingüísticas enormes. Se sintió muy incómodo con la cantidad de Spanglish en el lenguaje cotidiano. Se siente que la lengua española ha sido degredada. 9:25 – Puerto Rican can never be anything more than a Commonwealth (Free Associated State) Juan explains why Puerto Rico could never become a state of the United State or a free country. There are no resources for it to stand on its own and is dependent on U.S. resources. Juan explica porque Puerto Rico nunca podría ser un estado de los Estados Unidos o un país libre. No hay recursos para que se mantenga su independencia económica y depende vitalmente en los recursos de los Estados Unidos. 10:39 – The Hispanic community in Buffalo was small when he first arrived There were only about 1,000 Hispanic families in Buffalo when Juan arrived here. There weren't any Hispanic run businesses or organizations. Había solamente más o menos 1,000 familias hispanas en Búfalo cuando Juan llegó aquí. No había ningunos negocios o organizaciones dirigidos por hispanos. 12:03 – The community has changed a lot since the early days The Hispanic community has changed drastically since the 50s. There are Hispanic led businesses all over the west side and north of Buffalo. Families now own their own homes. La comunidad hispana ha cambiado drásticamente desde los años 50. Hay negocios dirigidos por hispanos por todos lados del Westside y al norte de Búfalo. Ahora las familias son dueñas de sus propias casas. 12:42 – Politicians help Hispanics Local politicians help the Hispanic community progress. Public figures like Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown and Anthony Masiello gave assistance to the Hispanic community during their terms. �Los políticos locales ayudan al progreso de la comunidad hispana. Los líderes públicos como Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown y Anthony Masiello le dieron asistencia a la comunidad hispana durante sus mandatos. 13:42 – There was a lot of discrimination against Hispanics Hispanics had a difficult time finding jobs regardless of their level of education because of the blatant discrimination against anyone with a Spanish last name. Eventually, the community realized they could progress on their own. Era difícil encontrar trabajo para los hispanos, ni importa el nivel de educación que tenía, por la discriminación obvia contra de cualquiera persona con un apellido español. Eventualmente, la comunidad se dio cuenta que progresaría por su propios medios. 14:20 - Where does discrimination against Hispanics come from? Juan believes that Hispanics now have an advantage over other workers because they are bilingual. They can work in either Spanish or English which makes them more marketable. Juan cree que ahora los hispanos tienen la ventaja sobre otros trabajadores porque son bilingües. Ellos pueden trabajar en español o inglés, lo cual les hace muy atractivo a los empleadores. 18:41 – There are many educated Hispanics Being bilingual has helped the Hispanic community immensely. Many of the Hispanic professionals are bilingual and received many higher degrees. Many professionals had to leave the city because there weren't enough jobs in Buffalo. Siendo bilingüe la ha ayudado la comunidad hispana enorme. Muchos de los profesionales hispanos son bilingües y recibieron títulos a los niveles altos. Muchos profesionales tuvieron que dejar la ciudad porque no era trabajos suficientes en Búfalo. 22:27 - The importance of being bilingual It's advantageous to be bilingual. Juan tells the story about a young woman who moved to New York City to work and was called back to Buffalo because the company in Buffalo knew she was bilingual. �Es ventajoso de ser bilingüe. Juan cuenta una historia sobre una mujer joven quien se mudó a Nueva York para trabajo y fue llamada a volver a Búfalo porque una compañía en Búfalo sabía que era bilingüe. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="http://omeka.buffalolib.org/items/browse?collection=3">Hispanic Heritage History Project Oral History Interviews</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Location The location of the interview Buffalo, NY Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 42:20 Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview 1:01 - Juan comes directly to Buffalo from Arroyo, Puerto Rico Juan Texidor introduces himself. Juan arrived in Buffalo in 1951 from the small town of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan came looking for work. After 4 weeks, he was able to find a job at Ford Motor Company. He worked there for 34 years. Juan Texidor se presenta. Juan llegó a Búfalo en 1951 del pequeño pueblo, Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Juan vino aquí en búsqueda de trabajo. Después de 4 semanas, consiguió un puesto con Ford Motor Company. Él trabajó ahí por 34 años. 1:03 - Juan bought a house on Pennsylvania Street Juan moved to the west side of Buffalo. He originally lived on West Chippewa St., but then bought a house on Pennsylvania St. in 1975. He and his wife (now deceased) lived there for 37 years. Juan se mudó al west side de Búfalo. Originalmente vivía en la calle West Chippewa, pero compró una casa en la calle Pennsylvania en el año 1975. Él y su esposa (ahora fallecida) vivían ahí por 37 años. 2:12 - Juan finished high school at Buffalo Evening School Juan started Buffalo evening high school to finish his high school degree. He had 2 years of high school education before arriving in Buffalo. He wanted to continue studying but was working full-time. Juan asistió al Buffalo Evening High School para terminar su educación secundaria. Le faltaron dos años de la educación secundaria antes de llegar a Búfalo. Él quiso seguir estudiando pero ya encontró trabajo 2:13 - He married his wife in New York City Juan married his wife in 1957 in New York City. He met his wife in Buffalo but she was from NYC. They were together for 47 years. She passed away in 2006. Juan se casó con su esposa en el año 1957 en Nueva York. Conoció a su esposa en Búfalo, pero ella era de Nueva York. Compartieron 47 años de sus vidas juntos. Ella falleció en el año 2006. 2:42 – He participated in many community organizations Juan was involved in many community organizations. He first belonged to the la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua (Puerto Rican Society of Mutual Help) for about 4 years. He was also involved in the Junta Consejera de Comunidad (can’t understand) Bilingüe and a board member of Hispanics United of Buffalo. Juan se involucraba en muchas organizaciones de la comunidad. Primero, perteneció a la Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ayuda Mutua por más o menos 4 años. Fue involucrado con la Junta Consejera de Comunidad (falta una parte) Bilingüe y fue miembro de los directores de los Hispanos Unidos de Búfalo. 3:47 – He was one of the founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center Juan was one of the original founders of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street. He also helped start the Grease Pole Festival in Buffalo. He was a commentator for 4 years. Juan era uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la calle Swan. También ayudó a iniciar El Palo Ensebao en Búfalo. Él era comentarista por 4 años. 6:13 – Juan starts a Spanish language radio show Jimmy Ruiz began the Spanish language in Western New York. When they moved the radio show to the Pucho Olivencia Center, Juan took over the program. Luis Marchany and Ricardo Acosta helped him with the program. (WJJL - Started on WHLD in Niagara Falls, but then moved to WJJL). They would broadcast the program every single Sunday all year around. Jimmy Ruiz empezó la estación en español en Western New York. Cuando cambiaron el lugar de la transmisión del programa al Centro Pucho Olivencia, Juan asumió la responsabilidad del programa. Luis Marchany y Ricardo Acosta lo ayudaron con el programa. (WJJL - empezó en el canal WHLD en Niagara Falls, pero se mudó a WJJL). Transmitían el programa cada domingo por todo el año. 6:14 - Jimmy Ruiz starts a radio show in Niagara Falls Jimmy Ruíz started a Spanish language radio station broadcasting from Niagara Falls. Juan filled in for Jimmy when Jimmy went back to Puerto Rico to go to school. Juan travelled to Niagara Falls for 29 years as the broadcaster of the only Spanish language radio station in the region. The program only broadcasted on Sundays. The radio started on WHLD but ended up on WJJL. Jimmy Ruiz empezó una estación en español transmitiendo de Niagara Falls. Juan asumió su posición cuando Jimmy volvió a Puerto Rico para asistir a la escuela. Juan viajó a Niagara Falls por 29 años como locutor de la única estación de radio en español. El programa solamente se transmitía los domingos. La estación de radio empezó en el canal WHLD pero cambió al de WJJL. 8:05 – He looked for announcements and news for the Hispanic Community Juan was responsible for finding news from the Hispanic community and transmitting it on the airwaves. He retired'--along with the show'--in the 90's. Juan era encargado a buscar las noticias de la comunidad hispana y transmitirlas en las olas de radio. Se retiró--también del programa--en los 90. 8:38 – They relocated the radio station to downtown Buffalo Eventually, there was a Spanish language radio station in downtown Buffalo. Juan continued as a broadcaster in Buffalo but it didn't last long because it became too much work for one person. Now there is only one Spanish language radio show (1 hour long) on WJJL. Eventualmente, se puso el programa de radio en español en el centro de Búfalo. Juan continuó como locutor en Búfalo pero no duró mucho porque fue demasiado trabajo para una persona. Ahora, hay solamente un programa de radio en español (dura 1 hora) en WJJL. 10:12 – He no longer belongs to any organizations Juan no longer participates in any community organizations. He continues to support local community leaders but has since retired from Hispanics United of Buffalo and any other organization he once served with. Juan ya no participa con ninguna organización de la comunidad. Él sigue apoyando a los líderes de la comunidad pero desde entonces se ha retirado de los Hispanos Unidos y cualquiera otra organización en que algún momento sirvió. 4:05 – Juan explains why he is involved in the community Juan explains why he chose to be involved in the Hispanic community. Since he had time, he could try and help the community progress. He was part of Hispanics United as a board member for more than 10 years but had to retire because the board shifted to English only meetings and he was unable to comfortably follow the conversations. English has always been very difficult for him. Juan explica por qué eligió involucrarse en la comunidad hispana. Desde entonces tenía tiempo, él podía tratar y ayudar al progreso de la comunidad. Él fue parte de los Hispanos Unidos como miembro de los directores por más de 10 años pero dejó este puesto porque las conversaciones se convirtieron al inglés y se sintió incómodo tratando de seguirlas. El inglés siempre ha sido muy difícil para él. 7:12 – He compares life today in Puerto Rico with what it was like when he was younger Juan shares his observations of what Puerto Rico is like today compared to what he knew when he was younger. He returned to Puerto Rico for a funeral and was surprised to see some traditions stick but also noticed some huge commercial and linguistic changes. He was very uncomfortable with the amount of Spanglish in the colloquial language. He feels that the Spanish language has been degraded. Juan comparte sus observaciones de cómo se ve Puerto Rico hoy en día en comparación a lo que se parecía cuando era más joven. Él volvió a Puerto Rico para un funeral y fue sorprendido a ver que algunas de las tradiciones todavía existen pero también se notó que hubo algunos cambios comerciales y lingüísticas enormes. Se sintió muy incómodo con la cantidad de Spanglish en el lenguaje cotidiano. Se siente que la lengua española ha sido degredada. 9:25 – Puerto Rican can never be anything more than a Commonwealth (Free Associated State) Juan explains why Puerto Rico could never become a state of the United State or a free country. There are no resources for it to stand on its own and is dependent on U.S. resources. Juan explica porque Puerto Rico nunca podría ser un estado de los Estados Unidos o un país libre. No hay recursos para que se mantenga su independencia económica y depende vitalmente en los recursos de los Estados Unidos. 10:39 – The Hispanic community in Buffalo was small when he first arrived There were only about 1,000 Hispanic families in Buffalo when Juan arrived here. There weren't any Hispanic run businesses or organizations. Había solamente más o menos 1,000 familias hispanas en Búfalo cuando Juan llegó aquí. No había ningunos negocios o organizaciones dirigidos por hispanos. 12:03 – The community has changed a lot since the early days The Hispanic community has changed drastically since the 50s. There are Hispanic led businesses all over the west side and north of Buffalo. Families now own their own homes. La comunidad hispana ha cambiado drásticamente desde los años 50. Hay negocios dirigidos por hispanos por todos lados del Westside y al norte de Búfalo. Ahora las familias son dueñas de sus propias casas. 12:42 – Politicians help Hispanics Local politicians help the Hispanic community progress. Public figures like Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown and Anthony Masiello gave assistance to the Hispanic community during their terms. Los políticos locales ayudan al progreso de la comunidad hispana. Los líderes públicos como Sam Hoyt, Byron Brown y Anthony Masiello le dieron asistencia a la comunidad hispana durante sus mandatos. 13:42 – There was a lot of discrimination against Hispanics Hispanics had a difficult time finding jobs regardless of their level of education because of the blatant discrimination against anyone with a Spanish last name. Eventually, the community realized they could progress on their own. Era difícil encontrar trabajo para los hispanos, ni importa el nivel de educación que tenía, por la discriminación obvia contra de cualquiera persona con un apellido español. Eventualmente, la comunidad se dio cuenta que progresaría por su propios medios. 14:20 - Where does discrimination against Hispanics come from? Juan believes that Hispanics now have an advantage over other workers because they are bilingual. They can work in either Spanish or English which makes them more marketable. Juan cree que ahora los hispanos tienen la ventaja sobre otros trabajadores porque son bilingües. Ellos pueden trabajar en español o inglés, lo cual les hace muy atractivo a los empleadores. 18:41 – There are many educated Hispanics Being bilingual has helped the Hispanic community immensely. Many of the Hispanic professionals are bilingual and received many higher degrees. Many professionals had to leave the city because there weren't enough jobs in Buffalo. Siendo bilingüe la ha ayudado la comunidad hispana enorme. Muchos de los profesionales hispanos son bilingües y recibieron títulos a los niveles altos. Muchos profesionales tuvieron que dejar la ciudad porque no era trabajos suficientes en Búfalo. 22:27 - The importance of being bilingual It's advantageous to be bilingual. Juan tells the story about a young woman who moved to New York City to work and was called back to Buffalo because the company in Buffalo knew she was bilingual. Es ventajoso de ser bilingüe. Juan cuenta una historia sobre una mujer joven quien se mudó a Nueva York para trabajo y fue llamada a volver a Búfalo porque una compañía en Búfalo sabía que era bilingüe. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Juan Texidor Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Juan Texidor (Interviewee) Stephanie Bucalo (Interviewer) Description An account of the resource This interview was conducted on July 31, 2012 with Juan Texidor at his home on Pennsylvania Street in Buffalo, NY by Stephanie Bucalo. The interview took place on his front porch. There are ambient noises from passing cars and people in the neighborhood talking and playing. The entire interview is in Spanish.Juan Texidor was born in Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico and migrated to Western New York in 1951. Juan completed part of his formal education in Puerto Rico but completed his High School degree at Buffalo Evening School at Bennett High School as a full-working adult. Juan was employed by the Ford Motor Company and very active in the Hispanic community. He eventually became a very well-known voice on the airwaves with his weekly Spanish language radio program. Juan was one of the founding fathers of the Pucho Olivencia Center on Swan Street and was a member of the board for various Hispanic organizations until the language at the meetings became English heavy. Juan offers his opinions about the Hispanic community in Buffalo, especially in terms of education and the social changes taking place. He also shares his thoughts on how Puerto Rico has changed since his childhood and where he thinks the island is heading economically, politically and socially. Esta entrevista fue conducida el 31 de Julio 2012 con Juan Texidor en su casa en la Calle Pennsylvania en Buffalo, NY por Stephanie Bucalo. La entrevista tomó lugar en el porche adelante. Hubo una abundancia de ruidos ambientes de los coches pasando por la casa y los vecinos que estaban hablando y jugando. La entrevista entera es en español. Juan Texidor nació en la Ciudad de Guayama, Puerto Rico y migró al Oeste de Nueva York en 1951. Juan cumplió una parte de su educación formal en Puerto Rico pero la cumplió por completo a Buffalo Evening School a Bennett High School como un adulto trabajando full-time. Juan fue empleado por Ford Motor Company y fue muy activo en la comunidad hispana. Él eventualmente se volvió una voz bien conocida por las alas de radio con su programa de radio en español semanal. Juan fue uno de los fundadores del Centro Pucho Olivencia en la Calle Swan y fue un miembro de juntas varias de unas organizaciones hispanas en la comunidad hasta el momento en que las conversaciones se convirtieron fuertemente en inglés. Juan ofrece sus opiniones sobre la comunidad hispana en Búfalo, especialmente en términos de la educación y los cambios sociales que están tomando lugar en ese momento. También comparte sus pensamientos sobre cómo ha cambiado Puerto Rico desde su niñez y a dónde cree que la isla va económicamente, políticamente y socialmente. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-07-31 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hispanic Heritage Council of WNY, INC Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource Spanish Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hispanic Heritage "Bring Us Your History!" Project Relation A related resource Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Digital Collections Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library. 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